CS Knowledge Base

Pertama kali disebutkan dalam bahasa Inggris pada akhir abad ke-19, kata Italia timpani berasal dari kata Latin tympanum (pl. tympana), yang merupakan latinisasi dari kata Yunani τύμπανον (tumpanon, pl. tumpana) yang artinya "drum tangan",^[3]

Kata Jerman untuk timpani adalah Pauken; kata Prancis dan Spanyol-nya adalah timbales.

• Adler, Samuel. The Study of Orchestration. W. W. Norton & Company, 3rd edition, 2002. ISBN 0-393-97572-X
• Del Mar, Norman. Anatomy of the Orchestra. University of California Press, 1984. ISBN 0-520-05062-2
• Ferrell, Robert G. "Percussion in Medieval and Renaissance Dance Music: Theory and Performance Diarsipkan 2003-06-08 di Archive.is". 1997. Diakses pada 22 Februari 2006.
• Montagu, Jeremy. Timpani & Percussion. Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-09337-3
• Peters, Mitchell. Fundamental Method for Timpani. Alfred Publishing Co., 1993. ISBN 0-7390-2051-X
• Solomon, Samuel Z. How to Write for Percussion. Published by the author, 2002. ISBN 0-9744721-0-7
• Thomas, Dwight. Timpani: Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 4, 2005.
• Zoutendijk, Marc. Letters to Flamurai. February 8, 2005.
• "Credits: Beatles for Sale". Allmusic. Retrieved February 18, 2005.
• "Credits: A Love Supreme". Allmusic. Retrieved February 18, 2005.
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• "Kettledrum". 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as retrieved from Diarsipkan 2018-12-15 di Wayback Machine. on February 26, 2006.
• "William Kraft Biography" Diarsipkan 2006-05-11 di Wayback Machine.. Composer John Beal. Retrieved May 21, 2006.
• "Timpanist – Musician or Technician?". Cloyd E. Duff, Principal Timpani – retired – Cleveland Orchestra.
• "Timpani" Grove, George (January 2001). Stanley Sadie (ed.). The New Grove Encyclopædia of Music and Musicians (Edisi 2nd). Grove's Dictionaries of Music. Volume 18, pp826–837. ISBN 1-56159-239-0.

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• Timpani FAQ by Dwight Thomas, Principal Timpanist, Omaha Symphony
• Timpani picture album Diarsipkan 2010-04-11 di Wayback Machine. featuring antique instruments and those in the collection of the RCO
• Gallery of historical artwork Diarsipkan 2017-02-24 di Wayback Machine. featuring timpani
• Videos Diarsipkan 2006-09-01 di Wayback Machine. of Tim Genis, Principal Timpanist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, demonstrating his line of timpani mallets by performing excerpts from orchestral repertoire
• Video Diarsipkan 2006-10-17 di Wayback Machine. of Stuart Marrs, chairman of the University of Maine music department, performing the March from Eight Pieces for Four Timpani
• The Well-Tempered Timpani—Timpani harmonics information
• Website of Guido Rückel, solo-timpanist of Munich Philharmonic; many timpani pictures
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kettledrum" . Encyclopædia Britannica (Edisi 11). Cambridge University Press.

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