CS Knowledge Base

Clipping of English sine or Latin sinus.

sin

1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.

Clipping of English Sinhalese, from Sinhalese සිංහල (siṁhala), itself borrowed from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala).

sin

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhalese.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Sinhalese terms

From Middle English synne, sinne, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

• sinne, synne (obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪn/, [ˈsɪn]

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Hyphenation: sin

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

2. (theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.

   Synonyms: (in Hinduism) adharma, (in Islam) ithm, (in Islam) haram

   As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

   • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎^[5], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

     Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it […]

   • 1999 September 12, Anthony Horowitz et al., “Dead Man's Eleven”, in Midsomer Murders:

     DCI Tom Barnaby: If it wasn't stealing, what was it?
     Christine Cooper: It was a sin, Mr Barnaby. It's not wrong to sin. Christ came into this world for the sinners.
     Barnaby: To call people to repentance, Mrs Cooper.

3. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.

   Synonyms: baseness, degeneracy, turpitude; see also Thesaurus:iniquity

4. A misdeed or wrong.

   Synonyms: offence, misdoing; see also Thesaurus:misdeed

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

5. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

     For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]

6. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:

     Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]

7. A flaw or mistake.

   Synonyms: deficiency, fault; see also Thesaurus:defect

   No movie is without sin.

8. (sports) sin bin
   • 2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online‎^[6], archived from the original on 10 February 2025:

     Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.

Inherited from Middle English synnen, modification of earlier syngen, from Old English syngian, from synniġ (“sinful”) +‎ -ian.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɪn/, [ˈsɪn]

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Hyphenation: sin

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
   • 1999 September 12, Anthony Horowitz et al., “Dead Man's Eleven”, in Midsomer Murders:

     Christine Cooper: It's not wrong to sin. Christ came into this world for the sinners.
     DCI Tom Barnaby: To call people to repentance, Mrs Cooper.

Modification of shin.

• seen, sīn

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/, /siːn/

sin (plural sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

sin (plural sins)

1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”).

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsɪn]
• Hyphenation: sin

sín (predicative síini)

1. ye, you

sín

1. your (second person plural)

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[7], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

• IPA^(key): /sən/

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

1. meaning, sense
2. sentence
3. sense (means of perceiving reality)
4. sense, comprehension
5. desire

• sinvol

sin

1. misspelling of s'n

• sinu

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

sin n (plural sinj)

1. breast

• tsãtsã

sin

1. alternative form of ensin

Borrowed from Arabic سِين (sīn).

• IPA^(key): [sin]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinlər)

1. the Arabic letter س

• Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “sin”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[8] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 4, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 120

From Latin signum.

sin m

1. sign

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

sin

1. zinc
2. galvanized iron sheet

Inherited from Spanish sin (“without”).

sin

1. without

From Proto-Brythonic *suɨɣn, from Latin signum. Cognate with Welsh swyn.

sin m (plural sinyow or sinys)

1. sign

   Synonyms: arwodh, tokyn

2. mark

   Synonyms: merk, nos, stampa

3. signal

   Synonyms: arwodh, sinell

4. symptom

   Synonym: arwodh

Borrowed from English sine.

sin m (plural sinyow)

1. (mathematics) sine

From Old Norse sínn.

• Rhymes: -in

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)

   Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book

   Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

• sem, sim, sen

From Proto-Athabaskan *sə̓w̃ʼ.

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin

1. star

• sin chuna

• Kari, James (2013), Denaʼina Topical Dictionary, Revised Edition, Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, page 150

• IPA^(key): /sin/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

sin

1. accusative of si

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Aja (West Africa) eshi, Ewe esti

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. water

• Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN)

• sio, sino

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *seum. Doublet of son (possessive determiner).

sin (feminine singular sina, masculine plural sins, feminine plural sines) (ORB, broad)

1. his, her, its (third-person singular possessor)

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Aja (West Africa) eshi, Ewe esti. Possibly cognate with Nkonya ntsu.

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)

1. water

   Synonym: òsìn

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sín

1. comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot

• Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

• IPA^(key): /sín/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sɪ́ŋ]

sin f

1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新).

• sinn (Altenhofen spelling)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

sin

1. to be

   Ich sin en Mann.

   I am a man.

   Deer seid zu mied.

   You are too tired.

   Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.

   They think she's a witch.

   All, wo dart waare, sin gestorreb.

   Everyone who was there died.

2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs

   Ich sin fortgang.

   I am gone.

• do sin

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

From Old Norse sin.

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɪːn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪːn

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

1. sinew, tendon
2. (rare, slang) penis

• san

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin. Doublet of an (“the”).

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an buachaill sin ― that boy

sin

1. that

   Sin é mo dheartháir.

   That is my brother.

   • (Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎^[9]:

     Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

     Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

• ó shin

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: sìn

sin

1. apocopic form of sino

Cognates include Ìjẹ̀bú Yoruba sẹ́n

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. to be long

Cognates include Yoruba sín, Olukumi ṣín, Owé Yoruba hín, Ìjẹ̀bú Yoruba sẹ́n, Ifè sɛ̃́

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. to sneeze

From Chinese 身 (MC syin).

sin

1. body

Kabyle numbers ⁽⁾

	20
←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: sin

Inherited from Proto-Berber *ăssin, from Proto-Afroasiatic *čin (“two”).

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin m (feminine snat)

1. two

• Association Culturelle Numidya (2025), “Amawal, dictionnaire kabyle-français en ligne”, in Amawal‎^[10], retrieved 2025
• Dallet, Jean-Marie (1982), Dictionnaire kabyle-français: parler des At Mangellat, Algérie (in French), Paris, France

• hin

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsi̞n]
• (parts of Bauko, Sabangan and Tadian) IPA^(key): /ˈhin/ [ˈhi̞n]
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

sin

1. oblique argument, specifically a common nominal definite marker

• (oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

• Janet L. Allen (2014), Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[11] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin (Hebrew spelling סין)

1. without

• kon

From sī + nē.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsiːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsin]

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

   • Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?

     If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

si’n

1. genitive/dative singular of sinā

sin

1. water

• Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

sin m or f

1. direction
2. attention
3. sense, intellect, reason
4. feeling, emotion
5. sense, perception
6. meaning

• Dutch: zin
  • Afrikaans: sin
  • Negerhollands: sin
• Limburgish: zin

• “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

sin

1. alternative form of sithen

sin

1. alternative form of synne

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈs̠iːn/

Inherited from Old High German sīn, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

• wësen

sīn or wësen (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense was, past participle gewësen, past subjunctive wære, auxiliary sīn)

1. to be, become

• Alemannic German: sii
• German: sein

Inherited from Old High German sīn.

sīn

1. his
2. its
3. one's

• German: sein

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “sin”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.

• sein

From Old Irish sin.

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

sin

1. that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

• (originally) IPA^(key): /siːn/

From Old Saxon sīn.

sîn

1. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his

   lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.

   John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.

2. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
3. (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its

Personal pronoun:

Possessive pronoun:

• sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

From Old Saxon sīn.

• wēsen

sîn

1. to be

• Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.

• German Low German:

  Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)

  Westphalian:

  Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)

  Paderbornisch: seyn, syn (past participle: wiäsen)

Inherited from Old Norse sín.

sin

1. genitive of sik (“oneself”)

   (please add the primary text of this usage example)

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• Merged with the accusative around the 15th and 16th centuries.

• Handbok i norrøn filologi, p. 423

Inherited from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“one's own”).

• sinn

sin (feminine sin, neuter sitt)

1. his/her/its/their own

   (please add the primary text of this usage example)

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• Norwegian Nynorsk: sin
• Norwegian Bokmål: sin

• “sin”, in Norsk Ordbok: Ordbok over det Norske Folkemålet og det Nynorske Skriftmålet (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 1950–2016, →ISBN.

sin

1. also, too

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣyən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).^[1]

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit at shí (“singing”) (verbal noun),^[2] Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

Has been compared with Ket сенаӈ (sʲɛ́naŋ, “shaman”), via Proto-Yeniseian *-xejn (“to shamanize”).

• IPA^(key): /sɪ̀n/

sin (possessed form biyiin)

1. song

• sįįł

sin

1. (Sylt) his (third-person singular masculine possessive determiner)
2. (Sylt) its (third-person singular neuterpossessive determiner)
3. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of san (“his, its”, Föhr-Amrum also “her”)

sin (plural (Sylt) sinen)

1. (Sylt) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)
2. (Sylt) its (third-person singular neuterpossessive pronoun)
3. (Föhr-Amrum) feminine/neuter of san (“his, hers, its”)
4. (Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of san (“his, its”)

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈsiːn/

sīn

1. accusative/genitive of sii

PIE word
*swé

Inherited from Middle Norwegian sin (“one's own”), attested in a document from 1418,^[1] from Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“one's own”). Ultimately formed from an old locative form of Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) with an adjectival n-suffix. The possessive-linker construction developed under Low German influence.

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk sin, Danish sin, Swedish sin, Icelandic sinn, Faroese sín (“his/her/its/their own”), German sein and Dutch zijn (“his, its”).

• IPA^(key): /siːn/, [siːn], /sɪn/, [sɪnː]
• Rhymes: -iːn, -ɪn
• (with a short vowel) Homophone: sinn
• Hyphenation: sin

sin (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. his, her, its, their, one's (own); a reflexive possessive referring to the third-person subject of the clause

   Hun fant sekken sin under bordet. ― She found her bag under the table.

   De solgte huset sitt. ― They sold their house.

   hver sin — one each; each one's own

   Barna fikk hver sin kopp. ― The children each received a cup.

   i sitt stille sinn — privately; in one's own thoughts

   Han lo i sitt stille sinn. ― He laughed to himself.

   • 1852, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter, volume II, page 248:

     blaa som sine egne fjorde sidde de dervesterfra

     Those from the west sit there, blue as their own fjords.

   • 1879, P.Chr. Asbjørnsen, Norske Folke- og Huldre-Eventyr, page 20:

     «Gud hjælpe os, hvad skal vi nu gjøre?» sagde den yngste gutten til bror sin

     “God help us, what shall we do now?” said the youngest boy to his brother.

   • 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte, volume I, page 160:

     [den norske sjømann] har sin Gud i sind

     [The Norwegian sailor] keeps his God in mind.

   • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte, page 87:

     han stod ved sit stille hus

     He stood beside his quiet house.

   • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, page 149:

     ingen blir profet i sit eget land

     No one becomes a prophet in their own country.

   • 1888, Henrik Ibsen, Fruen fra havet, page 45:

     han havde forstuvet ene foden sin

     He had sprained one of his feet.

   • 1881, Henrik Ibsen, Gengangere, page 78:

     et barn skal agte og elske sin fader og sin moder

     A child should respect and love their father and their mother.

   • 1892, Knut Hamsun, Mysterier, page 52:

     han havde drukket sit øl

     He had drunk his beer.

   • 1919, Carl Schøyen, Tre stammers møte, page 213:

     han kom fra et møte med sækken på sin rygg

     He came from a meeting with the sack on his back.

   • 1916, Sfinx, Sjales og andre, page 44:

     menn i sin beste alder ser man sjelden

     One seldom sees men in their prime.

   • 1918, Per Mork, Høstbrand, page 161:

     [han] gjør sin morgengjerning i far sins træsko

     [He] does his morning tasks in his father's wooden shoes.

   • 1873, Jonas Lie, Den Fremsynte, page 108:

     han ansaa mig … ikke skikket til at tage del i sine bekymringer

     He considered me … unfit to share his worries.

   1. Indicating association, relationship or an appropriate place, time or condition, rather than literal ownership.

      Alt har sin plass. ― Everything has its place.

      gå sin vei — to leave; to go away

      Hun tok veska og gikk sin vei. ― She took her bag and left.

      all sin dag / alle sine dager — all one's life

      Han hadde bodd der alle sine dager. ― He had lived there all his life.

      ligge på sitt siste / ligge på sitt ytterste — to be dying; to be on one's deathbed

      Familien samlet seg da hun lå på sitt ytterste. ― The family gathered when she was on her deathbed.

      gjøre sitt beste — to do one's best

      Hun gjorde sitt beste for å hjelpe. ― She did her best to help.

      være på sitt beste — to be at one's best

      Laget var på sitt beste i finalen. ― The team was at its best in the final.

      stå sin prøve — to prove one's worth; to withstand a test

      Den nye motoren stod sin prøve i kulda. ― The new engine proved its worth in the cold.

      ta sin død av noe — to die from something; figuratively, to be devastated by something

      Han var redd moren ville ta sin død av sorgen. ― He feared that his mother would die of grief.

      få metten sin — to eat one's fill

      Alle fikk metten sin. ― Everyone had enough to eat.

      • 1907, J.S. Welhaven, Samlede Digterverker, volume III, page 8:

        solnedgangens silkeskyer blande sine skjer af purpur og af guld

        The sunset's silken clouds mingle their hues of purple and gold.

      • 1917, Halfdan Kjerulf, edited by Wladimir Moe, Av hans efterladte papirer 1831–1847, page 115:

        her leve vi hver med sine sysler

        Here we each live with our own pursuits.

      • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie, page 37:

        den ting er sagtens i sin orden

        That matter is surely in its proper order.

      • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie, page 94:

        der gives og en kærlighed de beuf; den slår sin mand for panden

        There is also a bovine sort of love; it strikes its man on the forehead.

      • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie, page 130:

        en mand skal være borger af sin tid

        A man should be a citizen of his time.

      • 1872, Henrik Ibsen, Kongs-Emnerne, page 203:

        går til sin gerning de norske mænd viljeløst vimrende

        The Norwegian men go about their work, drifting aimlessly.

      • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, page 42:

        nu er den djævel strøgen sin vej

        Now that devil has gone his way.

      • 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende, page 68:

        en duelig læge må vide at træffe sine forholdsregler

        A capable doctor must know how to take his precautions.

      • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden, page 72:

        [hun er] temmelig stor for sin alder

        [She is] rather big for her age.

      • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden, page 176:

        [Werle har] ikke lagt dølgsmål på noget for sit vedkommende

        [Werle has] concealed nothing as far as he himself is concerned.

      • 1884, Alexander L. Kielland, Fortuna, page 48:

        alt til sin tid

        Everything in its own time.

      • 1930, Kristian Elster d.y., Bonde Veirskjæg, page 72:

        industrien bruker denne ret – til sin og samfundets gavn

        Industry exercises this right—for its own benefit and society's.

      • 1907, Bernt Lie, Mot Overmagt, page 211:

        han fik bære sit kors og kjæmpe sin kamp som en mand

        He would have to bear his cross and fight his battle like a man.

   2. Indicating something characteristic of the possessor.

      Hun løste problemet på sin egen måte. ― She solved the problem in her own way.

      • 1890, Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler, page 52:

        holder han ikke alligevel af dig? Sådan på sin måde?

        Doesn't he love you all the same? In his own way?

      • 1899, Jonas Lie, Faste Forland, page 178:

        han hilste paa konsul Morland, som paa sin engelsk tog sit formiddagsridt

        He greeted Consul Morland, who was taking his morning ride in his English fashion.

2. its, one's; with a contextually understood possessor, especially in fixed expressions

   Vi leste rapporten i sin helhet. ― We read the report in its entirety.

   i sin helhet — in its entirety

   Brevet ble offentliggjort i sin helhet. ― The letter was published in its entirety.

   i sin alminnelighet — in general

   Hun skrev om livet i sin alminnelighet. ― She wrote about life in general.

   i sin tid — formerly; once; at some time in the past

   Bygningen var i sin tid en skole. ― The building was once a school.

   i sin tid — in due course; when the time comes

   Det spørsmålet får vi komme tilbake til i sin tid. ― We will have to return to that question in due course.

   til sine tider — sometimes; occasionally

   Arbeidet kunne være slitsomt til sine tider. ― The work could be exhausting at times.

   på sine steder — in places; here and there

   Veien var isete på sine steder. ― The road was icy in places.

   • 1990, Klaus Hagerup, Høyere enn himmelen, page 114:

     jeg var i sin tid skolemester i svømming

     I was once the school swimming champion.

   • 1969, Sarpsborg Arbeiderblad, number 151, page 2, column 1:

     det blir i sin tid god anledning […]

     In due course there will be a good opportunity […].

   • 1907, Bernt Lie, Mot Overmagt, page 84:

     til sine tider kjender jeg Dem ikke igjen

     At times I do not recognize you.

   • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter, volume I, page 297:

     på sine steder er sandet føget sammen i skarpe kamme ligesom sneen hos os

     In places, the sand has drifted into sharp ridges like the snow back home.

3. his, her, its, their; referring to an object or another nearby constituent rather than the grammatical subject, especially in established expressions

   De overlot ham til sin skjebne. ― They left him to his fate.

   • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens komedie, page 102:

     kald tingen engang med sit rette navn

     Call the thing by its proper name for once.

   • 1903, Otto Sverdrup, Nyt Land, volume I, page 171:

     [vi] fik ham anbragt i sin sovepose

     [We] got him settled in his sleeping bag.

   • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Catilina, page 77:

     [de] rejste Roma af sin aske

     [They] raised Rome from its ashes.

   • 1990, Halfdan Kjerulf, Halfdan Kjerulfs dagbøker for årene 1833, 1840, 1850, 1851, page 67:

     jeg træffer ham i arbeidet med sin nye symfoni

     I find him at work on his new symphony.

   • 1896, Jonas Lie, Dyre Rein, page 38:

     kald paa Inger stuepige, Barbara, saa hun kan vise ham op paa sit værelse

     Call Inger the maid, Barbara, so that she can show him up to his room.

   • 1915, Knut Hamsun, Segelfoss By, volume II, page 89:

     jeg under folket sin forlystelse

     I do not begrudge the people their amusement.

   • 1915, Erik Lie, Blandt sigøinere, page 22:

     længselen efter sit eget folk og det frie liv blev for sterk for hende

     The longing for her own people and the free life became too strong for her.

   • 1918, Amalie Pettersen, Pettersens paa Persroas Pensjonat, page 83:

     det [å utnytte de gode tidene] var hans simple pligt mod sine underordnede

     It [taking advantage of the good times] was his plain duty towards his subordinates.

4. some, certain; indicating an unspecified but characteristic or necessary amount or extent

   Denne løsningen har sine fordeler. ― This solution has certain advantages.

   ha sine fordeler — to have certain advantages

   Det har sine fordeler å bo nær jobben. ― Living close to work has its advantages.

   ta sin tid — to take time; to take a considerable amount of time

   Det tok sin tid før de var ferdige. ― It took quite some time before they finished.

   • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden, page 32:

     det har så sine årsager

     That has its own reasons.

5. approximately; a good, full amount of; used before a number or measurement

   Turen tok sine fem timer. ― The trip took a good five hours.

   • 1880, Jonas Lie, Rutland, page 58:

     [en skonnertbrigg] paa sine hundrede læster

     [A brigantine] of a good hundred lasts.

   • 1904, Jacob B. Bull, Folkelivsbilleder, volume I, page 93:

     Hogstadbonden noteredest i hovedstadens forretningsverden som værd sin million

     In the capital's business circles, the farmer at Hogstad was reckoned to be worth a good million.

6. (colloquial) Used in approving or emphatic exclamations about someone's ability or something impressive.

   Det var gutten sin! ― That's the boy!

   være gutten sin — to be a capable, resourceful fellow

   Han var gutten sin og fant en løsning med en gang. ― He was a resourceful fellow and found a solution immediately.

   det er/var … sin — an expression of admiration or emphasis

   Det var bilen sin, det! ― Now that was quite a car!

   • 1912, Amalie Skram, Samlede Værker, volume II, page 111:

     [han var] ikke bange, ikke det dusten, han var gutten sin han!

     [He was] not afraid, not in the slightest; he was quite the lad!

   • 1905, Hans E. Kinck, Præsten, page 161:

     doktoren det var karen sin som ikke lod korketrækkeren rustne fast

     The doctor was quite the fellow: he did not let the corkscrew rust from disuse.

7. (colloquial) 's; a possessive linker following the person or thing possessing something, in the construction called garpegenitiv

   Dette er naboen sin hund. ― This is the neighbour's dog.

   Hun lånte Per sitt verktøy. ― She borrowed Per's tools.

   hvem sin — whose

   Hvem sin hund er dette? ― Whose dog is this?

   • 1907, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons fortællinger, page 230:

     jeg er Marit, mor sin unge

     I am Marit, Mother's child.

   • 1887, Alexander L. Kielland, Sankt Hans Fest, page 21:

     det var dog altid professor Løvdahl sin søn

     After all, he was Professor Løvdahl's son.

   • 1896, Hans E. Kinck, Sus, page 187:

     «Hvorfor det?» – «For det som skal købes sin skyld, vel!»

     “Why?” — “For the sake of what is to be bought, of course!”

   • 1897, Elisabeth Cathrine Welhaven, Fortællinger fra det gamle Bergen, page 220:

     jeres hane æter af mine høns sit knø

     Your rooster is eating some of my hens' dough.

   • 1923, Ragnhild Jølsen, Samlede skrifter, volume II, page 140:

     det var Hollas sin egen hest den hoppen

     That mare was Hollas's own horse.

   • 1936, Sfinx, Kjent folk gjennem årene, page 60:

     jeg vet, at det ennu lever folk som husker maler Koht sin store hankatt

     I know that there are still people alive who remember the painter Koht's big tomcat.

   • 2002, Hanne Ørstavik, Uke 43, page 30:

     […] hvem det var sin latter

     […] whose laughter it was

   • 2005, Tore Renberg, Kompani Orheim:

     hvem sin skyld er det?

     Whose fault is it?

8. (chiefly in older or dialectal usage) his, her, its, their, one's; referring to a non-local or merely implied possessor, often avoided in modern formal writing

   Hun fortalte at broren sin hadde flyttet. ― She said that her brother had moved.

   • 1917, Halfdan Kjerulf, edited by Wladimir Moe, Av hans efterladte papirer 1831–1847, page 229:

     man har gjort meget af [J.S. Welhaven] dernede [i København], og det har blødnet ham i sine domme

     They have made much of [J.S. Welhaven] down there [in Copenhagen], and this has softened him in his judgments.

   • 1838, Jørgen Moe, Fra det nationale gjennembruds tid. Breve fra Jørgen Moe til P. Chr. Asbjørnsen og andre, published 1915, page 166:

     hils Voss og mind ham om sit løfte at komme herop paa et julebal

     Give my regards to Voss and remind him of his promise to come up here for a Christmas ball.

   • 1853, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter, volume III, page 53:

     unøisomhed med sine kaar … er roden til disse ulykker

     Discontent with one's circumstances … is the root of these misfortunes.

   • 1936, P.Chr. Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe, Samlede eventyr, volume III, page 136:

     Tro kjendte ham igjen med en gang, og så det var Utro, bror sin

     True recognized him immediately and saw that it was Untrue, his brother.

   • 1873, Jonas Lie, Den Fremsynte, page 43:

     [han var] til det yderste paastaaelig paa, hvad han troede, var sin ret

     [He was] utterly insistent on what he believed to be his right.

• Sin agrees in gender and number with the possessed noun, not with its owner: masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine. The same forms are used with singular and plural possessors.

  Hun tok sekken sin, boka si, passet sitt og nøklene sine. ― She took her bag, her book, her passport and her keys.

• A possessive normally precedes a noun in its indefinite form or follows a noun in its definite form: sin bil versus bilen sin. Some kinship expressions allow an indefinite noun before the possessive, as in bror sin (“his/her/their brother”).
• In ordinary reflexive use, sin normally refers to the subject of its own clause. Compare:

  Hun besøkte moren sin. ― She visited her own mother.

  Hun besøkte moren hennes. ― She visited another woman's mother.

• Reference from a subordinate clause to the subject of a higher clause occurs in many dialects, but standard written usage generally requires hans, hennes or deres instead.^[2]
• Established expressions can refer to another constituent rather than the grammatical subject. Examples include i sin helhet (“in its entirety”), i sin alminnelighet (“in general”) and overlate noen til sin skjebne (“to leave someone to their fate”).^[3]

  Hun leste rapporten i sin helhet. ― She read the report in its entirety.

• In the garpegenitiv construction, the preceding noun phrase identifies the possessor. This construction is common in speech and informal writing; the possessor need not be the subject of the clause.

  Hun lånte Per sin bil. ― She borrowed Per's car.

sin (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. his, hers, its, theirs, one's own; an independent reflexive possessive with an understood noun

   Hun hadde glemt paraplyen, så Per lånte henne sin. ― She had forgotten her umbrella, so Per lent her his.

   • 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker, volume II, page 347:

     jeg skal gjøre mit dertil, … og Laura vil vist ogsaa gjøre sit

     I shall do my part … and Laura will surely do hers too.

   1. (rare) One's partner, sweetheart or spouse.

      På dansegulvet fant hver sin. ― On the dance floor, each found their own partner.

      • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter, volume I, page 391:

        her gaar det som i «Skjære Havre»: hver taer sin, saa faar de andre ingen!

        Here it is like in “Skjære Havre”: each takes their own partner, leaving none for the others!

   2. (in the plural) One's family, relatives, dependants or other people close to one.

      Hun ønsket å være sammen med sine. ― She wanted to be with her loved ones.

      seg og sine — oneself and one's family or dependants

      Han måtte forsørge seg og sine. ― He had to support himself and his family.

      • 1842, Jørgen Moe, Fra det nationale gjennembruds tid. Breve fra Jørgen Moe til P. Chr. Asbjørnsen og andre, published 1915, page 210:

        [i] julen, om aldrig andet, skulde man være hos sine

        At Christmas, if at no other time, one ought to be with one's family.

      • 1870, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Arnljot Gelline, page 117:

        rundt på [slag]marken sås lys; koner og mødre sine søgte

        Lights could be seen around the [battle]field; wives and mothers searched for their loved ones.

      • 1925, Sigrid Undset, Olav Audunssøn i Hestviken, volume II, page 52:

        djævelen hjælper sine

        The devil helps his own.

   3. (in the neuter) One's possessions, property or allotted share.

      Alle tok sitt og gikk. ― Everyone took their own things and left.

      ha sitt på det tørre — to have one's own interests safeguarded

      Han hadde sitt på det tørre og bekymret seg lite for de andre. ― His own interests were secure, and he worried little about the others.

      gå hver til sitt — to return to one's respective home or occupation; to go one's separate ways

      Etter møtet gikk de hver til sitt. ― After the meeting, they went their separate ways.

      • 1907, J.S. Welhaven, Samlede Digterverker, volume IV, page 127:

        Alf tog randselen og lagde hurtig sit lidet deri

        Alf took the knapsack and quickly put his few possessions into it.

      • 1892, Henrik Ibsen, Bygmester Solness, page 5:

        flytte ind i sit eget

        Move into a home of one's own.

      • 1877, Arne Garborg, Den ny-norske Sprog- og Nationalitetsbevægelse, page 54:

        hver har taget sit og indrømmet den anden hans

        Each has taken their own share and allowed the other theirs.

      • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, page 215:

        om sig og sit skal en kære sig både i stort og i lidt

        One should care for oneself and one's own in matters both great and small.

      • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, De unges forbund, page 21:

        [han] har sit på det tørre

        [He] has his own interests safeguarded.

      • 1919, Carl Schøyen, Tre stammers møte, page 211:

        alle fik sit velberget i hus

        Everyone got their own produce safely indoors.

      • 1898, Kristian Elster, Samlede Skrifter, volume II, page 238:

        kort efter gik hver til sit

        Shortly afterwards, everyone went their own way.

   4. (in the neuter) One's affairs, concerns, duties, contribution or share of difficulties.

      Alle hadde nok med sitt. ― Everyone had enough of their own concerns to deal with.

      ha sitt å stri med — to have one's own troubles

      Hun hadde sitt å stri med hjemme. ― She had her own troubles to deal with at home.

      gjøre sitt — to do one's part; to contribute; to have its effect

      Alle gjorde sitt for at festen skulle bli vellykket. ― Everyone did their part to make the party a success.

      Tid og tålmodighet gjorde sitt. ― Time and patience had their effect.

      få sitt — to receive one's share or what one deserves

      Etter all kritikken hadde han fått sitt. ― After all the criticism, he had had his share.

      tenke sitt — to keep one's thoughts or reservations to oneself

      Hun sa ingenting, men tenkte sitt. ― She said nothing but kept her own counsel.

      • 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker, volume I, page 276:

        han skal faa sit

        He shall get his deserts.

      • 1928, Johannes Thrap-Meyer, Anakreons død, page 81:

        hun [hadde] forstaat, at han nok hadde hat sit

        She [had] understood that he had probably had his share of troubles.

      • 1907, Bernt Lie, Mot Overmagt, page 256:

        [han] tænkte sit

        [He] kept his own thoughts to himself.

      • 1919, Hans E. Kinck, Sneskavlen brast, volume II, page 72:

        han snakket i sit

        He went on talking about his own concerns.

      • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden, page 21:

        lyset gør visst sit [for fotografiene]

        The light certainly plays its part [in the photographs].

   5. (chiefly in older or dialectal usage) his, hers, theirs; with a possessor outside the local clause

      Hun sa at hunden var sin. ― She said that the dog was hers.

      • 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker, volume I, page 24:

        hun pegte paa barnet og sagde, det var sit

        She pointed to the child and said that it was hers.

2. (colloquial) 's; forming an independent possessive after an explicitly named possessor

   Denne sykkelen er Per sin. ― This bicycle is Per's.

   • 1908, Knut Hamsun, Rosa, page 91:

     faa mit navn ved siden af Mack sit

     Get my name next to Mack's.

   1. (dialectal) (in the plural, after a name) The named person's family or household.

      Vi skal på besøk til Hansen sine. ― We are going to visit the Hansens.

      • 1912, Amalie Skram, Samlede Værker, volume II, page 593:

        hun likte ikke at vise sig paa gaden sammen med disse simple Myre sine

        She did not like appearing in the street with those vulgar members of the Myre family.

      • 1903, Hans E. Kinck, Naar Kærlighed dør, page 325:

        [hun var] ansat inde i selve hovedstaden hos grosserer Rud sine

        [She was] employed in the capital itself by the family of the wholesaler Rud.

• seg (“oneself”)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /siːn/, [siːn]
• Rhymes: -iːn
• Hyphenation: sin

sin

1. imperative of sine (“to stop giving milk”)

• “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “sin” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
• “garpegenitiv” in Store norske leksikon

• NIS

From Old Norse sinn.

• IPA^(key): /sɪnː/
• Homophone: sinn

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive pronoun) her/his/its/their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skulen sin bil.

   It was the school’s car.

• “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

sīn

1. his, its, hers

• Middle Dutch: sijn
  • Dutch: zijn
  • Limburgish: zeen

• “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

• Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old English sīn (“his, her, its, their”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”).

sīn

1. his
2. its

• Saterland Frisian: sin
• West Frisian: syn

sīn

1. genitive of hī: his
2. genitive of hit: its

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

sin m

1. sense
2. mind
3. spirit
4. thought
5. intention

• sens

• Middle High German: sin
  • German: Sinn
  • Luxembourgish: Sënn
  • Yiddish: זין (zin)

• Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “sin”, in Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[12] (in German), 6th edition

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

sin

1. that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)

   Synonym: tall

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

     De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

     Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

• ísin

• Irish: sin
• Scottish Gaelic: sin
• Manx: shen

sin

1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d26

     Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

     It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

• insin

• sina

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

sin f (genitive sinar)

1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sin”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

sīn m or n

1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:

     uundrodun alla bihuuī he thar sō lango frāon sīnun thionon thorfti

     they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords

   • verse 3832:

     selliad, that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen

     Bring that which is his, that shall be your souls

• Low German: sien

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

sīn (irregular)

1. to be (more at wesan)

• Low German: sön, sennen

From Latin sine.

sin

1. without

   Antonym: con

   • c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:

     Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados

     He saw open doors and gates without locks

Old Norse sínn, sinn from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

sin

1. (Reflexive possessive third person determiner.) his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own)

sin m

1. his, hers or its

Borrowed from Spanish sin.

• IPA^(key): /sìn/

sin

1. without

   Synonym: bitáwt

• Kofi Yakpo (2019), A grammar of Pichi (Studies in Diversity Linguistics; 23)‎^[13], Berlin: Language Science Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 574

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

sin m (uncountable)

1. (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

1. his

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

• (Uist) sineach

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish sin. Cognates include Irish sin and Manx shen.

• (Lochs, much of Skye, Wester Ross) IPA^(key): /ʃĩn/^[1][2]
• (Bernera, Harris, North Uist) IPA^(key): /ʃɛ̃n/^[3][4] (as if spelled sean)
• (South Uist, Barra, Islay) IPA^(key): /ʃĩɲ/^[5]
• (Sleat) IPA^(key): /ʃʏ̃n/^[6]

sin

1. that

   Dè tha sin? ― What is that?

• With the definite article, used as a determiner:

  an gille sin ― that boy (literally, “the boy that”)

• Mark, Colin (2003), “sin”, in The Gaelic–English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 526

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

• IPA^(key): /sîːn/

sȋn m anim (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

1. son

Borrowed from Hebrew ש.

• IPA^(key): /sîn/

sȉn m inan (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús. First attested in the 10th century.

• IPA^(key): /síːn/

sȋn m anim

1. son

Declension of sin
nom. sing.	sin
gen. sing.	sina
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sin	sinova	sinovi
accusative	sin / sinu	sinova	sinove
genitive	sina	sinov	sinov
dative	sinu	sinovoma	sinovom
locative	sinu	sinovih	sinovih
instrumental	sinom	sinovoma	sinovi

• “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Inherited from Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsĩn]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

sin

1. without

   Alternative forms: sen, sin-

   Antonym: con

   • 2021 July 21, Juan Garzon, “Los mejores celulares Android de 2021”, in CNN en Español‎^[14], archived from the original on 31 December 2025:

     De cierta manera, el Galaxy S21 ofrece un mejor balance de todo lo que ofrece y su precio, y, por eso, debería ser en muchas ocasiones la primera opción para considerar para la mayoría de personas que quieren un celular Android y no quieren necesariamente lo mejor de lo mejor sin importar su costo.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• “sin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

• ſin (obsolete typography)

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

sin ?

1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun)
   • 1974, Lasse Tennander, “Ska vi gå hem till dig [Shall We Go to Your Place ["home to you" – idiomatic]]”, in Allting som ni gör kan jag göra bättre [Anything You Do, I Can Do Better [a cover album]]‎^[15], performed by Magnus Uggla:

     Ska vi gå hem till dig eller hem till mig, eller var och en hem till sitt? Ska vi göra som dom andra och ägna oss åt varandra, eller ska var och en sköta sitt?

     Shall we go to your place ["home to you" – idiomatic] or to my place [home to me], or each one ["each and one" – idiomatic] home to theirs [nominalized – neuter gender is used when there is no concrete referent, like in impersonal constructions and here, as a rule of thumb]? Shall we do like the others and spend time on each other [engage in each other as an activity – doesn't have the connotations of "devote"], or shall each one mind [take care of] theirs [nominalized]?

   Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.

   Compare:

   Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.

   Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.

   She collects her poems in a box.

   Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.

   The dog doesn’t like its collar.

   De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.

   They gathered their papers and left the meeting.

• The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.

• “sin”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “sin”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “sin”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Tashelhit numbers ⁽⁾

	20
←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: sin     Ordinal: wiss sin

Inherited from Proto-Berber *ăssin (“two”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *čin (“two”).

Cognate with Zenaga šin (“two”), Northern Saharan Berber and Nefusa sen (“two”), Tuareg əssin (“two”), Ghadames sǝn (“two”), Tetserret ǝššin (“two”), Proto-Semitic *ṯin- and Egyptian snwj.

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin m (feminine snat, Tifinagh spelling ⵙⵉⵏ, Arabic spelling سين)

1. two

   ايفولكي بدّا واتاي ايغ سرس نڭا سين؛ ايمّا كراض ولا سمّوس،اور سول يڭي اتاي

   ifulki bdda watay iġ srs nga sin; imma kraḍ ula smmus, ur sul igi atay.

   tea, for two of us is always sweet;but if we are three or five , it is no longer tea.

   سنات تغاوسيوين يس ڭانت تايتماتين، نڭادّانت.

   snat tġawsiwin is gant taytmatin, ngaddant.

   two things that are similar are the same.

• Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 3 M–Š (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/3) (in French), Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1980a

sin

1. you (singular), thou

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).^[1]

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

1. (dated) grave, burial place

Derived from Arabic سِين (sīn).

sin

1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س

Borrowed from Arabic سِين (sīn).

sin

1. the Arabic letter س

From translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [sin˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂin˧˧] ~ [sin˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɨn˧˧] ~ [sɨn˧˧]

sin

1. (trigonometry) sine

   Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.

   SOH-CAH-TOA

   (literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)

• cosin

• IPA^(key): /siːn/
• Rhymes: -iːn

From English scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).

sin f (not mutable, plural sinau)

1. scene (social environment)

   y sin bop Gymraeg ― the Welsh-language pop scene

From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).

sin m (not mutable, plural sinau)

1. (trigonometry, differential geometry) sine

• trigonometreg (“trigonometry”)
• cosin (“cosine”)
• tangiad (“tangent”)

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of sygn (“astrological sign”).

• sein

sin m (not mutable, plural sinau)

1. (obsolete) sign

   Synonym: arwydd

2. (obsolete) symbol

   Synonym: symbol

3. (obsolete) emblem

   Synonym: arwyddlun

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/

sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

1. sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
2. sense (means of experiencing the external world)
3. meaning, sense, significance

• “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

1. mood
2. opinion, view

• “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
2. (transitive) to serve

• sin before a direct object

• ẹ̀sìn (“religion”)
• ìsìn (“religious worship”)

• bọ (“to worship; to sacrifice to a divinity”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant

• sin before a direct object

• ọ̀sìn (“domestication”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage

• sin before a direct object

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide

• sin before a direct object

• ìsìn

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to serve, to work for someone

• sin before a direct object

• ìsìn (“servitude”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it

• sin before a direct object

• ìsìn

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

sin

1. (transitive) to bury in soil

• sìnkú (“to bury the dead”)
• ìsin (“burial”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̄/

sin

1. (transitive) to lie hidden, to remain secret

   ọ̀rọ̀ náà sin ― the matter remains secret

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)

   Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́

• ìsíngbẹ́rẹ́ (“scarification”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. (intransitive) to sneeze

• ìsín (“the act of sneezing”)

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. (intransitive) to string or piece things together

   Synonym: sò

• ìsín

• IPA^(key): /sĩ́/

sín

1. (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)

• ìsín
• sínkùrọ́

From Chinese 辛 (MC sin).

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θin˨˦/
• Tone numbers: sin¹
• Hyphenation: sin

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)

1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems