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From separate + -ism.

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separatism (countable and uncountable, plural separatisms)

1. A theory or doctrine which supports a state of separation between organizations, institutions, or other societal groups (e.g. between church and state) or between different political jurisdictions (e.g. a country and its former colony).

   She wrote an essay expounding the tenets of Scottish separatism.

2. The practice of treating members of different societal groups in a politically, legally, or economically different manner.

   Apartheid was a government-enforced form of separatism in which people received unequal social benefits based on race.

• separatist

• apartheid
• secessionism
• segregation

Borrowed from French séparatisme. By surface analysis, separat +‎ -ism.

separatism n (uncountable)

1. separatism