CS Knowledge Base

Abbreviation of English Persian.

pes

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Iranian Persian.

From Latin pēs (“foot”). Doublet of foot, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

• IPA^(key): /piːz/, /peɪz/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪs
• Homophone: pace

pes (plural pedes)

1. the foot of a human
2. the hoof of a quadruped
3. clubfoot or talipes
4. (music) a neume representing two notes ascending

• (neume): podatus

• EPS, EPs, ESP, Eps, PSE, SEP, SPE, Sep, Sep., eps, esp, esp., sep

• IPA^(key): /ˈpes/ [ˈpes]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: pes

pes

1. (Eastern, dialectal) alternative form of pos

pes (reflexive, independent oblique case)

1. (Litovska) universal reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself, herself, themself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
   • 2005, Anton Tenser, Lithuanian Romani, Lincom Europa, →ISBN, →OCLC, 2.7.3 Reflexives and clitics, page 18:

     joj udykhtja pes

     She saw herself

Inherited from Old Catalan pes, from Latin pēnsum.

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈpe̞s]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpəs]
• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛs]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈpes]

• Audio:

  (file)

pes m (plural pesos)

1. weight, the heaviness of something, as caused by the downward force of gravity of its mass.
2. weight, a piece of metal or other materials known to weigh a definite amount, as the ones used on scales or sports

• pesar

• “pes”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “pes”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈpe̞s]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈpes]

pes

1. plural of pe (“the letter P”)

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈpe̞s]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈpes]

pes

1. (Balearic, Alghero) first-person singular present indicative of pesar

• pys

pes f (singulative pesen)

1. (Revived Late Cornish) peas

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pes
• Rhymes: -ɛs

Inherited from Old Czech pes, from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

pes m anim (female equivalent psice or fena, relational adjective psí)

1. dog
2. male dog

   Coordinate term: fena f

3. scoundrel, bad person

• “pes”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pes”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “pes”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

pes

1. genitive plural of peso

• pesos

pes

1. plural of pe

• peš (alternative spelling)

From Latin piscem.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛs/

pes m (plural pes)

1. fish

• pescjâ
• pescjadôr
• pescjarie
• pescje
• pessâr

Borrowed from Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛs/ [ˈpɛs]
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Syllabification: pes

pès (plural pes-pes)

1. pest, plague

   Synonym: sampar

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Standard Malay usage can be seen in pes.

Borrowed from Javanese pès (“got nothing”).

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛs/ [ˈpɛs]
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Syllabification: pes

pès (plural pes-pes)

1. a word used as a warning sign of death in the game of gobak sodor when there are two people in one box

Learned borrowing from Latin pēs (“foot”).

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛs/ [ˈpɛs]
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Syllabification: pes

pès (plural pes-pes)

1. (anatomy, zoology) foot

• “pes”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpeːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛs]

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

1. a foot, in its senses as
   1. (anatomy) a human foot

      … ne manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra …

      … not the hands, not the feet, and not the other limbs …

      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.518:

        [...] ūnum exūta pedem vinclīs, in veste recīncta, [...].

        [... Dido’s] one foot having cast off its sandal-straps, with her garment loosened, [...].

      • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.395–397:

        Forte revertēbar fēstīs Vestālibus illa [...].
        hūc pede mātrōnam vīdī dēscendere nūdō.

        It so happened that I was returning from the festival of Vesta [...]. Here I saw a matron coming down barefoot.
        (Literally, in the ablative singular: “pede nūdō” or “with bare foot.” Roman matrons walked barefoot to honor Vesta (mythology) during the Vestalia.)

      • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate John.13.14:

        Sī ergō ego lāvī pedēs vestrōs, Dominus et Magister, et vōs dēbētis alter alterius lavāre pedēs.

        If I, [your] Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, then you ought to wash the feet of one another.

   2. (zoology) any equivalent body part of an animal, including hooves, paws, etc.
   3. (units of measure) any of various units of length notionally based on the adult human foot, especially (historical) the Roman foot.
   4. (poetry) a metrical foot: the basic unit of metered poetry
      • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovidius, Tristia 1.15–16:

        vāde, liber, verbīsque meīs loca grāta salūtā:
        contingam certē quō licet illa pede!

        Go, [my] book, and greet with my words [those] beloved places: at least I shall reach [them] with the ‘foot’ that is allowed!
        (The exiled poet puns that the metrical “feet” of his poem shall go where his own “feet” cannot.)

   5. (geography) the base of a mountain
   6. (furniture) the bottom of a leg of a table, chair, stool, etc.
2. (figuratively) a place to tread one's foot: territory, ground, soil
3. (nautical) a rope attached to a sail in order to set
4. (music) tempo, pace, time
5. (botany) the pedicel or stalk of a fruit

Third-declension noun.

• (metrical foot): trochaeus; pes dissyllbus or disyllbus, pes bibrevis, choreus, jambus, spondeus, spondius, spondeos (2-syllable feet); pes trisyllabus, amphibrachus, amphibrachys, amphimacrus, dactylus, extensipes, molossus, pes anapaestus, pes antanapaestus, pes antibacchius, pes bacchius, pes creticus, pes hippius (3-syllable feet); pes tetrasyllbus, antispastus, chorjambus, dichoreus, dijambus, dispondeus, epitritus, paeon, proceleumaticus, proceleusmaticus (4-syllable feet); pes pentasyllbus, dochmius, mesobrachys, mesomacros, pariambodes, probrachys, pes amoebaeus, pes antamoebaeus, pes orthius (5-syllable feet)

• (unit of length): decempeda (10 pedes)

• pede tellūrem pulsō
• pedem effero
• pedem fero
• pedem refero
• pedes navales
• si in fundo pedem posuisses
• a pedibus usque ad caput
• alterno pede terram quatere

• “pes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "pes", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “pes”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “pes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “pes”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Akin to Italian peso, from Latin pensum.

pes

1. weight

Borrowed from English paste, from Middle English paste, from Old French paste (modern pâte), from Late Latin pasta, from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá). Doublet of pasta.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpes/ [ˈpes]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation: pes

pes (Jawi spelling ڤيس, plural pes-pes or pes²)

1. paste

The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in pes.

• "pes" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

pes

1. alternative form of pese

Related to pesa (“have a heavy breath”), compare Swedish päsa.

pes m (definite singular pesen, uncountable)
pes n (definite singular peset, uncountable)

1. A heavy breath (e.g. after a long run)
2. stress, harry, rush

   Synonym: hastverk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈpɛs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈpɛs/

pes m animal

1. (mammals) dog

• Czech: pes

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “pes”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

From Latin pax.

pes oblique singular, f (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pes)

1. alternative form of pais (“peace”)
   • c. 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar:

     Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.

     Go, leave me! Let me have peace.

• pe

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (appa),^[1] [script needed] (atta),^[1] from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).^[1]

pes

1. himself, herself (third-person singular reflexive pronoun)^[1]

---

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

• IPA^(key): /pɛs/

pes m anim (Cyrillic spelling пес)

1. (Kajkavian, Croatia) dog

   Synonym: pas

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

• IPA^(key): /pes/, [ˈpes]
• Rhymes: -es

• Audio (Bratislava):

  (file)

pes m animal (nominative plural psi, psy)

1. dog

• psí
• psíček
• psík
• psisko
• psíča

• “pes”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

• IPA^(key): /pə́s/
• (central Slovenia) IPA^(key): /pɛ́s/

pə̏s m anim (female equivalent psíca)

1. dog

   Synonyms: kuža, bevskač, cucek, kuže, pesjak, pse, pseto, psina, renčač, kosmatinec

   Imamo tri pse. ― We have three dogs.

   Na sprehod grem s svojim psom. ― I'm going on a walk with my dog.

2. (zoology) any of the species in family Canidae
3. (zoology, in the plural) family Canidae
4. (zoology, uncountable) genus Canis
5. (figuratively, derogatory) a malicious person^[→SSKJ]

   Synonyms: hudobnež, hudič, hudičevec, hudiman, hudimar, hudir, hudoba, hudobijan, hudobni, hudobnik, leviatan, mefisto, pasjeglavec, peklenšček, pesjan, pesjanar, peslajnar, pošast, pošastnik, psoglavec, satan, satanov služabnik, steklač, strupenec, strupenjak, škorpijon, vrag, zlobec, zlobnež, zlodej, zlodejevec, zlohotnež, zlomek, žlehtnoba

   Antonyms: dobričina, angel, dobrosrčnež, dobričnež, dobričnik, duša, dušica, mehkosrčnež, milosrčnež, svetnik

6. (theater) unimportant role

   Synonym: stranska vloga

   Antonym: glavna vloga

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , short ending accent, fill vowel ə
nom. sing.	pə̏s
gen. sing.	psȁ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	pə̏s	psȁ	psȉ
genitive rodȋlnik	psȁ	psȍv, psóv	psȍv, psóv
dative dajȃlnik	psȕ, psȉ	psȍma, psomȁ	psȍm
accusative tožȋlnik	psȁ	psȁ	psȅ
locative mẹ̑stnik	psȕ, psȉ	psȉh	psȉh
instrumental orọ̑dnik	psȍm	psȍma, psomȁ	psȉ
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	pə̏s	psȁ	psȉ

• dialectal

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, vowel is only written in nominative singular
nom. sing.	pə̏s
gen. sing.	psa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	pə̏s	psa	psi
genitive rodȋlnik	psa	psov	psov
dative dajȃlnik	psu, psi	psoma, psama	psom, psam
accusative tožȋlnik	psa	psa	pse
locative mẹ̑stnik	psu, psi	psih, psah	psih, psah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	psom	psoma, psama	psi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	pə̏s	psa	psi

• mačka (“cat”)
• ljubljenček (“pet”)
• volk (“wolf”)
• šakal (“jackal”)
• kojot (“coyote”)
• lisica (“fox”)
• lajati (“bark”)

• “pes”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “pes”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

• IPA^(key): /ˈpes/ [ˈpes]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: pes
• Homophone: (Latin America) pez

pes f pl

1. plural of pe

From English face.

pes

1. (anatomy) face
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:

     Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”

     →New International Version translation

2. page

From English face.

pes

1. face

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

pes

1. (eastern dialect) a ripe coconut

Pes is the fifth stage of coconut growth. It is preceded by kopespes and followed by u.

• IPA^(key): /ˈpes/
• Hyphenation: pes

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بس (bes, “Enough! Hold!”, interj.),^[1][2] from Persian بس (bas, “enough”).

Pes!

1. Used when accepting defeat; "I yield!" or "Uncle!"
2. Used when at a loss for words at someone's extraordinary behavior or action; "I don't even know what to say!", "This is too much!" or "This takes the cake!"

   Yalanın bu kadarına da pes doğrusu! ― To be honest, I don't even know what to say about such a lie!

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “low and soft or bass voice or tone”),^[3][4] from Persian پست (past, “low, abject”).^[5]

pes

1. (music) That which is sung softly and slowly; bass.

• pest

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “the hinder part, back of a thing, pursuit after a thing”), from Persian پس (pas, “back, hind; then, so, therefore”).

pes (definite accusative pesi, plural pesler)

1. (obsolete) back, hind part

pes

1. (obsolete) then, so, in that case

   Synonyms: öyleyse, o hâlde, binaenaleyh

2. (obsolete) then, after, afterwards

   Synonyms: sonra, müteakiben, nihayet

3. (obsolete) in summary, in short, in conclusion

   Synonyms: hasılı, hasılıkelam, velhasıl

4. (obsolete) when, whenever, as soon as

• “pes”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “pes”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3833