CS Knowledge Base

From ha- (“interrogative stem”) +‎ ara (“space, place”).^[1] ha- is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ka-. For similar formations, see havaxt (“when”) and hayan (“which side, where, which direction”), from vaxt (“time”) and yan (“side”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɑrɑ]

hara

1. where, what place

   Synonyms: hayan, hanı

   Bura haradır? ― What place is this?

   Sən indi haradasan? ― What place are you at now?

   Onlar haraya qaçırlar? ― What place are they running to?

   Bu kitabın axı harası pisdir? ― But, where is this book bad? (literally, “what place of it is bad?”)

2. (colloquial) whereto, to what place

   Synonyms: haraya, hayana

   Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

• harada, harda (“where, at what place”)
  • haradasa, hardasa (“somewhere, at some place”)
• haraya
  • harayasa, harasa (“somewhere, to some place”)

• bura (“here, this place”)
• ora (“there, that place place”)

From elision of haraya, dative singular of hara.

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɑrɑ]

hara

1. (colloquial) whither, to what place

   Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

hara ... hara (idiomatic)

1. what is X doing in Y?; It is quite unexpected to see X in Y

   Sən hara, bura hara?

   What are you doing here? It is very unexpected to see you here.

   (literally, “Where are you, [and] where is this place?”)

2. X is completely unfit/inappropriate for Y

   Toy hara, şortik geymək hara?

   It is completely inappropriate to wear shorts on a wedding.

   (literally, “Where is wedding, [and] where are shorts?”)

3. X is completely different from Y

   Beş yaş hara, on yaş hara?

   Five-year-olds are completely different ten-year-olds.

   (literally, “Where is the age of five, [and] where is the age of ten?”)

From hari + Spanish -a (feminine suffix).

hara

1. a queen

   Synonym: reyna

Inherited from Proto-Chamic *hara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈha.raː/

hara (Akhar Thrah spelling ꨨꨣꨩ)

1. fig

Borrowed from Danish hare, from the East Norse reflex of Proto-Germanic *hesô.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɛaːɹa/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa

hara f (genitive singular haru, plural harur)

1. hare (Lepus)

From Proto-Finnic *hara (“branch; forked tool”). Related to Estonian haru, Karelian hara, Veps aro, and more distantly to Northern Sami suorri (“branch of river”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑrɑ/, [ˈhɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ha‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): ha‧ra

hara

1. fork hoe, hand hoe, hand cultivator
2. synonym of naara (“drag”)
3. (dialectal, especially Tavastia, North Karelia) harrow

   Synonyms: äes, karhi

4. (rare) synonym of kultivaattori (“cultivator”)

• “hara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

• raha

• IPA^(key): /ˈha.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra, -a
• Hyphenation: ha‧ra

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

hara (plural hara-hara)

1. (zoology) Osteochilus melanopleura

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ara, hara, hāra, āhāra (“food”), from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).

hara (plural hara-hara)

1. nutrient

   Synonyms: nutrien, zat gizi

Borrowed from Tobelo [Term?].

hara (plural hara-hara)

1. (dialect) a cave that is used as a lair for snakes or crocodiles

• “hara”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

hara

1. h-prothesized form of ara

hara

1. Rōmaji transcription of はら

Unknown.^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈha.ra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.ra]

hara f (genitive harae); first declension

1. An animal pen.
2. A chicken coop.
3. A pigsty.

First-declension noun.

• “hara”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hara”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

From Proto-Polynesian *sala,^[1] from Proto-Central Pacific *cala, from Proto-Oceanic *salaq, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *salaq, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *salaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq. Cognates include Hawaiian and Tongan hala and Samoan sala.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhara/ [ˈhɐɾɐ]

hara

1. to be in violation of a tapu
2. to transgress
3. to commit a sin
4. to violate the law
5. to offend

In traditional society the word was used primarily for an offence from the violation of tapu. With the introduction of Christianity, the meaning widened to include sin and deliberate offending, and then offending in violation of rules, regulations and the law.

hara

1. sin
2. foul
3. crime, offence, transgression, wrongdoing
4. gaffe
5. infringement
6. fault
7. problem

• John C. Moorfield (2011), “hara”, in Te Aka: Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, →ISBN

hara

1. (Early Middle English) alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Compare Southern Ohlone hara (“to give”).

hara

1. to give

   haray kiš

   give me (imperative)

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s), Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Languages)‎^[3], Unpublished

From Proto-West Germanic *hasō ~ *haʀ-, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *hesô. Cognate with Old Frisian hasa, Old Saxon haso, Old Dutch *haso, Old High German haso, Old Norse heri.

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.rɑ/, [ˈhɑ.rɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑ.rɑ

hara m

1. rabbit, hare

Weak:

• Middle English: hare
  • English: hare
  • Scots: hare, hair

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑː.rɑ/, [ˈhɑː.rɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑː.rɑ

hāra

1. inflection of hār:
   1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
   2. weak nominative masculine singular

• ara

• IPA^(key): /ha.ra/
• Homophone: hāra
• Hyphenation: ha‧ra

hara

1. emphatic particle in address

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.

hara

1. Ficus

hara

1. alternative spelling of āhāra (“food”)

• P. J. Zoetmulder (1982), Old Javanese-English dictionary‎^[4], 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, →ISBN, →OCLC

• IPA^(key): /hɐrɐ/

hara

1. lake

Extracted from harati.

hara

1. imperative active second-person singular of harati (“to take away”)

hara n

1. Name of the Pali root har
   • [c. 500 AD, Dhatumañjusa; republished in Dines Andersen & Helmer Smith, The Pāli Dhātupāṭha and the Dhātumañjūsā, Copenhagen: Andr. Fred. Host & son, 1921, page 36:

     62. Tara taraṇasmiṃ thara santharaṇe
     bhara bharaṇasmiṃ phara sampharaṇe
     sara gati-cintā-hiṃsā-sadde
     phura calanādo hara haraṇamhi

     62. Tar for crossing, thar for spreading, / bhar for supporting, phar for pervasion, / sar for motion, thought, crushing and noise, / phur for shaking, har for taking.]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Goral):
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): [ˈxa.ra]

hara f

1. (Zagórze) strong vodka

   Hypernym: wódka

• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “hara”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[5] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 49

Possibly borrowed from Arabic خ ر ء (ḵ-r-ʔ, “to defecate”). Compare Arabic خراء.

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-hara (infinitive kuhara)

1. to defecate

Conjugation of -hara
Positive present -nahara Subjunctive -hare Negative -hari Imperative singular hara
Infinitives
Positive kuhara Negative kutohara
Imperatives
Singular hara Plural hareni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhara Positive past positive subject concord + -lihara Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhara
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahara) Singular Plural 1st person ninahara/nahara tunahara 2nd person unahara mnahara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahara wanahara other classes positive subject concord + -nahara
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hari) Singular Plural 1st person sihari hatuhari 2nd person huhari hamhari 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahari hawahari other classes negative subject concord + -hari
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahara Negative future negative subject concord + -tahara
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hare) Singular Plural 1st person nihare tuhare 2nd person uhare mhare 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahare wahare other classes positive subject concord + -hare
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihare Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehara Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehara Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihara Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihara
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahara) Singular Plural 1st person nahara twahara 2nd person wahara mwahara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahara wahara m-mi(III/IV) wahara yahara ji-ma(V/VI) lahara yahara ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahara vyahara n(IX/X) yahara zahara u(XI) wahara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahara pa(XVI) pahara mu(XVIII) mwahara
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehara "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahara "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahara "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihara "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohara Consecutive kahara / positive subject concord + -kahara Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahare
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihara -tuhara 2nd person -kuhara -wahara/-kuhareni/-wahareni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhara -wahara m-mi(III/IV) -uhara -ihara ji-ma(V/VI) -lihara -yahara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihara -vihara n(IX/X) -ihara -zihara u(XI) -uhara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhara pa(XVI) -pahara mu(XVIII) -muhara Reflexive -jihara
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hara- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -haraye -harao m-mi(III/IV) -harao -harayo ji-ma(V/VI) -haralo -harayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -haracho -haravyo n(IX/X) -harayo -harazo u(XI) -harao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -harako pa(XVI) -harapo mu(XVIII) -haramo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hara) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehara -ohara m-mi(III/IV) -ohara -yohara ji-ma(V/VI) -lohara -yohara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohara -vyohara n(IX/X) -yohara -zohara u(XI) -ohara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohara pa(XVI) -pohara mu(XVIII) -mohara
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -harisha

From hare +‎ -a.

• IPA^(key): /hɑːra/

hara (present harar, preterite harade, supine harat, imperative hara)

1. to trot; to move in a way that reminds the movement of a hare

   Nu ska jag hara iväg till affären. ― I'll trot to the store now.

Mostly used with iväg (“away, off to”).

• Borin, Lars; Forsberg, Markus; Olsson, Leif-Jöran; Uppström, Jonatan (2012), “The open lexical infrastructure of Språkbanken”, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation‎^[6], Istanbul: ELRA

hara

1. turtle

• IPA^(key): /hâɾa/
• Hyphenation: ha‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *pàdàì, from Proto-Bantu *-dàì (“long”).

hara

1. far [with na ‘from someone/something’]

   Antonym: haihi

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-páda (“to scrape, scratch”).

-hara (infinitive okuhara)

1. (transitive) to claw, to scrape

   Near-synonyms: -agura, -korogota

2. (transitive) to chip (to break small pieces from)

   Near-synonym: -baija

3. (transitive) to gnaw at

   Synonym: -pekenya

4. (intransitive, of a surface) to be rough

   Synonym: -siiha

• Verbal derivations:
  • Short causative: -haza
  • Passive: -harwa
  • Reflexive: -ehara

• Nominal derivations:
  • omuhazi (“tanner”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[7], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 247, 295, 373, 403–404
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[8], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 117
• Entry 2353 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
• Entry 8160 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3