CS Knowledge Base

Clipping of German Deutsch.

de

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.

   Coordinate term: deu

• Wiktionary’s coverage of German terms

From French de.

de

1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ/

de (plural des)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

• dee (Northumberland)

• (Northumbria) IPA^(key): /diː/
  • (interrogative) IPA^(key): /dɪ/
  • (interrogative, before a vowel) IPA^(key): /dɪv/

• Rhymes: -iː

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (“to do”).

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “DE”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin, “de”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group‎^[4], archived from the original on 5 September 2024.
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “de”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

de

1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
   • 1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:

     “He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’

   • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎^[5], archived from the original on 12 December 2022:

     So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

de

1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.

   “Dum de dum, dum de dum”, he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Borrowed from French de (“of”).

de

1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.
   • 2009 November 5, Alex von Tunzelmann, “The Affair of the Necklace: nothing to get hot under the collar over”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎^[6], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 June 2023:

     Conwoman Jeanne de La Motte stole a 2,800-carat diamond necklace, The Slave's Collar, by convincing the Cardinal de Rohan that Queen Marie-Antoinette wanted it.

   • 2014, Alina García-Lapuerta, La Belle Créole: The Cuban Countess Who Captivated Havana, Madrid, and Paris, Chicago, I.L.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 236:

     When Prosper Mérimée had next seen Mercedes after Spain, in March 1846, he told the Countess de Montijo that Mercedes "looked less well preserved [and] limped a little."

• “de, prep.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

• ed, Ed, E.D., Ed., ED, ed-, -èd, -ed, ed., @ed

de

1. reflexive form of -e

de (negative nne) (Twi)

1. to be named, called

   Mede Kofi. ― My name is Kofi. (literally, “I am called Kofi.”)

2. to own, possess
3. to be responsible for
4. to seize
5. to take hold of
6. to owe
7. (often with saa ara) to keep on, at; to do continually
8. to refer to, mean

de (negative fa, imperative fa) (Twi)

1. to use
2. to take

Used as an auxiliary verb that is not inflected for tense, often translated as with.

de (Twi)

1. own

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ده (de).

• IPA^(key): /ˈde/
• Rhymes: -e

de

1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.

   Fol de! ― Speak!

   • 1685, Pjetër Bogdani, Cuneus Prophetarum, NT 3.3.5, page 118:

     Deh pra ho i permpcattenuem sodit IESV CHRISCNE mbè Crȣjt, […]

     [Deh pra o i përmpkatënuem sodit Jezu Krishnë mbë Kryjt, ...]

     Well then o sinner, look at Jesus Christ on the Cross, […]

2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

• deh — archaic

• FGJSSH (1980), page 297b: “de”; Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”
• Çabej SEFSH [1950s–1980], volume 3, page 177ab: “de”; DPEWA, “de”
• Bashkimi (1908), page 81b: “de”; Rossi (1875), page 254b: “deh”

Ultimately from Latin deus.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

de m (definite deu) (Arvanitika)

1. God

• Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”
• Meyer (1891), page 62: “de”

de (Arvanitika)

1. alternative form of te

• Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”

• der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
• der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
• d'r, dr (Bern)

de

1. (definite) the
   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:

     [...] Fründ der Natur [...]

   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:

     [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:

     [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:

     [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:

     [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:

     Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
     Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:

     Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Zürich:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	de der (before a vowel)	die, d', d'-	's (at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S')	de, d'
Genitive		der
Dative	dem	der, de	dem	de
Accusative	de der (before a vowel)	de, d', d'-	's	d', d'-

Thurgau:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	de (before a consonant, including h) der (before a vowel, also before h)	die, de, d'-	das, 's	die, d'-
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	de (before a consonant) den (before a vowel)
Accusative	de (before a consonant) der (before a vowel) den (before a vowel, less common)	die, de, d'-	das, 's	d'-

• 'i (Patsuezu, with previous vowel)

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of; from

• The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).
• In most dialects, it is often dropped if the previous word ends in a vowel. In Patsuezu (South-Western dialect), the de turns into 'i, which reflects the original form in all dialects (which later was simplified along with all ei diphtongs in central-eastern dialects).

• d'
• del

From Proto-Athabaskan *danʸ ("spring").

• IPA^(key): /te/

de

1. late spring
2. food
3. famine
4. vegetation that animals eat

• Sharon Hargus, Witsuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007), page 741.

• IPA^(key): [dè]

de

1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)

   A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele

   He didn't call you. It was me that called

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

de

1. water

• Bill Palmer, editor (2018), The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 516

• IPA^(key): /de/ [d̪e]
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: de

de inan

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

• “de”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “de”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

• d' (unstressed form)

Cognate with German German die.

de

1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

de

1. she, her (accusative)
2. they, them

• se

• enda

• IPA^(key): /ˈde/

de f (plural de)

1. mother

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈde̞]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈde]

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

Inherited from Latin dē.

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [de]

de (before vowel or h d')

1. of; from

• “de”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

de

1. inflection of dar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Derived from Spanish de.

de

1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)

   hopia de Cebu

   Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu

   Isabel biyuda de Cortes

   Isabel widow of Cortes

• del, dela

• IPA^(key): /də/

de (definite, reduced)

1. the
   1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
   2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
   3. (many dialects) plural dative
   4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
   5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
   6. (few dialects) feminine dative

• (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.

1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.

2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.

3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).

• (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
• (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
• Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

• 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:

  Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
  Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

• em (en dem)

• Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

Inherited from Spanish de (“of”).

de

1. of

• di (Luserna)

de

1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
   1. nominative singular feminine
   2. accusative singular feminine
   3. nominative plural

      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.

      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.

   4. accusative plural

• “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Middle Cornish de, from Old Cornish doy, from Proto-Brythonic *deh, from Proto-Celtic *gdesi, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés. Cognate with Latin heri, Welsh ddoe, French hier, Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyas), etc.

de (triggers soft mutation)

1. yesterday

• a-vorow (“tomorrow”)

de

1. soft mutation of te

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of

• dei

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai. Usage of this word as a gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun is a semantic loan from English they.

• IPA^(key): /di/, [d̥i]
• Rhymes: -i

de pl

1. plural definite article

   de grønne huse

   the green houses

• den (common gender singular)
• det (neuter gender singular)

de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
3. (determiner) those

   De kager smager ikke godt.

   Those cakes taste not good.

   • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90

     De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.

     Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.

   • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN

     De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.

     Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

• IPA^(key): /də/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de
• Rhymes: -ə

de (neuter het, indefinite een)

1. the; definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural

   De man ― The man (masculine singular)

   De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)

   Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)

   De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)

   De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

• Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular, and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

• There is also the clitic form 's for des. The oblique cases are archaic and found in contemporary Dutch only in fixed idiomatic phrases (e.g., op den duur or des ochtends).

• Afrikaans: die
• Berbice Creole Dutch: di
• Jersey Dutch: de
• Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

de

1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per

   Ze namen drie biertjes de man. ― They took three beers per person.

   We betaalden vijftien euro de neus. ― We paid fifteen euros per person.

• dé
• een
• het

• e.d.

Borrowed from French de and Latin dē. Compare Spanish de, Italian di, da.

• IPA^(key): /de/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: de

de

1. from

   Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!

   I don't buy anything at all from this store!

2. of, possessed by

   La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.

   David's car is black.

3. done, written or composed by

   Synonyms: far, fare de

   Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?

   Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?

   La viro estis mordita de hundo.

   The man was bitten by a dog.

• “de”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “de”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Portuguese de.

de

1. of
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     Español falan millós de persoas.

     Millions of people speak Spanish.

• When followed by definite articles, the du/do, da, dus/dos, nds contracted forms may be used. These contractions are optional.

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 105

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

Inherited from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

• IPA^(key): /də/
• (Paris) IPA^(key): [dø], (colloquial, after a vowel sound) [‿d]

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ə, (Paris) -ø
• Homophone: (Paris) deux

de

1. from (used to indicate origin)

   Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.

   Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.

   Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.

2. of (indicates possession, association or relationship)

   Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.

   Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works

   le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel’s neighbour

3. of (used to indicate cause)

   mourir de faim ― to die of hunger

   trembler de peur ― to tremble with fear

   rouge de colère ― red with anger

4. of (indicates an amount)

   5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.

   Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine

   Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries

5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word

   un jus d'orange ― orange juice

   un verre de vin ― a glass of wine

   une boîte de nuit ― a nightclub

   un chien de garde ― a guarddog

   une voiture de sport ― a sportscar

   un stade de football ― a football stadium

6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)

   De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.

   Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o’clock to noon.

   un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people

7. by (an amount)

   Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.

   Je le dépasse de cinq centimètres. ― I am five centimeters taller than him.

8. introduces the indirect object of some verbs; variously translated in English

   On parlait de notre prochain voyage. ― We were talking about our next trip.

   Ils nous privent de nos libertés. ― They are depriving us of our liberties.

   Tu te moques de moi ? ― Are you kidding me?

9. used before infinitive phrases; often corresponding to an English to-infinitive or gerund:
   1. after certain verbs

      J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped smoking.

      Il continue de m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.

      Elle m’a dit de venir. ― She told me to come.

      Nous vous exhortons de venir. ― We urge you to come.

   2. after a noun, expressing possessive-like association to that noun

      l'heure de partir ― the time to leave

      le désir de la revoir ― the desire to see her again

   3. after certain adjectives

      Je suis content d'être rentré. ― I am happy to be back home.

   4. after impersonal constructions, with il or ce/ça as the subject referring back to the infinitive phrase

      Il est important de le préciser ― It is important to clarify this.

      Ce fut un plaisir de faire votre connaissance. ― It was a pleasure to get to know you.

      Ça vous dérangerait de venir m'aider ? ― Would it bother you to come help me?

   5. optionally when following a predicative verb

      L'important, c'est de participer. ― What matters is participating.

      Le mieux reste d'y aller demain. ― It remains best to go there tomorrow.

   6. (literary) in narration, introduces an action made by a character, especially as part of a dialogue
      • 1848, Chateaubriand, Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe, vol. 4, page 288:

        Les aides de camp de M. Dubourg éclatent en gros rires; et la tourbe de rire à l'unisson, et le général de piquer sa mazette qui caracolait comme une bête éreintée...

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      Et tout le monde de rire. ― And everybody laughed.

10. used before attributive adjectives:
    1. modifying indefinite and interrogative pronouns, pronominal phrases and other non-nominal substantives

       Vous avez vu quelqu'un d'autre? ― Have you seen anyone else?

       sous le soleil, rien de nouveau ― Nothing new under the Sun

       il n'y a que ça de vrai ! ― There's nothing like it!

    2. past participles modifying indefinite noun phrases in a passive voice construction with the auxiliary omitted

       Voilà une bonne chose de faite ! ― That's one thing sorted!

       un de perdu, dix de retrouvés ― There's plenty of fish in the sea (lit. "one lost, ten found")

    3. used in miscellaneous idiomatic phrases

       pour de vrai ― for real

       pour de bon ― for good

• Expresses possession, origin, source, material, contents, cause, manner, or means, and can correspond to English of, 's, from, about, or other prepositions depending on context.
• When de is followed by a definite article, the two combine to give the following combined forms:

de + article	Combined form
de + le	du
de + la	unchanged (de la)
de + l'	unchanged (de l')
de + les	des

• Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’.
• The contractions du and des occur only when de is followed by the definite articles le and les. They do not occur when le, la, or les are object pronouns.

J'essaie de le convaincre. ― I'm trying to convince him.

• Logically following the previously described rule, de combines with the relative pronouns, which themselves contain an element of the definite article, producing these forms:

de + article	Combined form
de + lequel	duquel
de + laquelle	de laquelle
de + lesquels	desquels
de + lesquelles	desquelles

• Certain French verbs require de after them, either as part of a fixed construction or to distinguish a particular meaning or usage. In many cases, English translations do not use a corresponding preposition. Some de + infinitive constructions are fixed expressions selected by particular verbs, nouns, or adjectives, such as avoir besoin de (“to need to”) and avoir envie de (“to want to”).
• De is commonly used after expressions of quantity: beaucoup de, trop de, assez de, peu de, etc.

• Mauritian Creole: de
• → English: de

de (indefinite)

1. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.

   Ce sont de bons enfants. ― They are good children.

   Il y a d’autres exemples. ― There are other examples.

2. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.

   Elle n’a pas de mère. ― She doesn’t have a mother.

   Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn’t eat meat.

   Il n’y a pas de problèmes. ― There are no problems.

• Before an adjective, de is not used when the adjective and noun form a coherent noun phrase:

  de petits pois ― small peas

  des petits pois ― green peas

In informal speech, de is not always used over des before adjectives.

• In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des); it does not replace definite articles (Je ne comprends pas la question.), nor is it used when the object has no article (Je n'ai plus faim.). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example^[1]:
  • when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être

    Il n'est pas un menteur. ― He isn't a liar.

  • when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)

    Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn't eat meat.

    Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain. ― He doesn't eat meat, but bread.

• The pronoun en can replace an object introduced by de.

• IPA^(key): /dam/

d^e f (plural d^es)

1. abbreviation of dame

• d^lle
• s^r

• “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• ed, éd.

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Portuguese de.

• IPA^(key): /de/ [d̪ɪ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. of; from

   Veño de Lugo.

   I come from Lugo.

3. of; -'s (belonging to)

   Socorro é a avoa de Clara e de Daniel.

   Socorro is Clara and Daniel's grandmother

The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

• dê (reintegrationist)

• IPA^(key): /ˈde/ [ˈd̪e]
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: de

de m (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, gue, hache, i, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, que, erre, ese, te, u, uve, xe, ceta / zeta

• “de”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “de”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “de”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “de”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “de”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Inherited from French deux (“two”), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

• IPA^(key): /de/

de

1. two

• dezyèm

• Targète, Jean; Urciolo, Raphael (1993), Haitian Creole-English Dictionary‎^[7], Dunwoody Press, →ISBN, page 42

de

1. tree

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -dɛ

de (not comparable)

1. how!, very much

   Synonyms: (dated, poetic) be, milyen, mennyire

   De szép ez a ház! ― Oh, how beautiful that house is!

de

1. but

   Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben

2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)

   Synonym: de igen

   Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam. ― You weren’t here! – Yes I was!

• (adverb): de in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (conjunction): de in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• de in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).

• te (Wiesemann spelling system)

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

• IPA^(key): /tə/

de (definite)

1. inflection of där:
   1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
   2. unstressed dative singular feminine
   3. unstressed dative plural all genders

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

• IPA^(key): /de/, /dɛ/

Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

de

1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)

   Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.

   I bought the fruits from the market.

2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)

   Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.

   I was one of five in the competition.

   Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.

   I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.

3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)

   Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.

   I have three bottles of water.

4. with a title of nobility

   Rejio de Anglia

   Queen of England

• ad (“to”)
• til (“until, till”)

• de-
• del (“from the”)

• di (“of (indicates possession or association)”)
• da (“by”)

• ek (“out of, out from”)

From d +‎ -e.

de (plural de-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• Latin script letter names: literi: a · be · ce · che · de · e · fe · ge · he · i · je · ke · le · me · ne · o · pe · que · re · se · she · te · u · ve · we · xe · ye · ze ^[edit]

From Dutch dee.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /de/ [de]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: de

dé (plural de-de)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• di (Standard Malay)

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

• “de”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

de

1. from
2. since
3. of
4. with
5. by means of
6. to
7. for

de

1. tree

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

From Old Irish di (“of, from”).

• d’ (used before a vowel sound)
• dhe (Munster, Cois Fharraige)
• go (Connacht)
• dae (Donegal, rare)

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/, /dʲə/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /ɡə/
• (Ulster, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ə/, (before ⟨a/á, o/ó, u/ú⟩) /ə.ɣ-/, (before ⟨e/é, i/í⟩) /ə.j-/^[1]

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

1. from
2. of

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "de"

From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).

• dhe, dó, dhó

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /dʲɛh/^[2]

de (emphatic desean)

1. third-person singular masculine of de

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “de”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 de, di”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “de”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “de”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Initial part of the combined forms of preposition di (“of”) with definite articles: del, dello, della, dell', dei, degli, delle. By surface analysis, inherited from Latin de.^[1] Compare Portuguese d'.

• IPA^(key): /de/^*[2]
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. (before a quoted string (a title, a band name, &c) that starts with a defined article) alternative form of di

   Michael Radford è il regista de «Il postino».

   Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino: The Postman".

Inherited from Latin de.

• IPA^(key): /de/^[2]
• Homophone: de'
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. Marche, Milan, Rome, and Venice form of di

• ed, ed.

From Igbo dị. Compare Nigerian Pidgin dey.

de

1. present progressive tense marker used before verbs

   Im de kom.

   She is coming.

   Torkl de swim.

   The turtle is swimming.

   Pikni dem de nyam di fuud.

   The children are eating food.

Inherited from English there.

de

1. there

   uova de

   over there

• deso

• de at majstro.com
• “A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican”, in Open Grammar Project‎^[8], 2015, Glossary‎^[9]

de

1. The hiragana syllable で (de) or the katakana syllable デ (de) in Hepburn romanization.

From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

• IPA^(key): /də/

de

1. the
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     De v'lôrene zön

     The prodigal (literally "lost") son

From Latin dē.

de

1. of; from

• di (Sarajevo)

Inherited from Old Spanish de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Spanish de.

• Audio (Netanya):

  (file)

de (Hebrew spelling די)^[1]

1. of; -'s (indicates ownership) [ca. 1510^[2]]
   • 2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎^[10], archived from the original on 10 March 2026:

     Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.

     Sunday night we’re going to light the first candle of our Hanukiyas.

2. from; of (with the source or provenance of or at) [16th c.]

   Coordinate term: desde

   • 2000, La Lettre Sépharade‎^[11], numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 6:

     Kuando vyenen de Israel los paryentes i amigos, syempre fazemos notchadas a mi kaza […]

     When relatives and friends come from Israel, we always throw night parties at my house.

3. of (expressing composition or substance) [16th c.]
   • 1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca‎^[12], Editions Vidas Largas, page 71:

     En un bokal de vidro avia manos de abutargo estifadas las unas sovre las otras.

     There were dry caviar hands in a glass vase, one compressed over the other.

4. about (concerning or with regard to) [ca. 1510^[2]]
   • 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎^[13], page 401:

     […] i el ke izo mas empresión fue naturalmente Haím Refael, ke kontó de la Shoá i de estadía en Auschwitz i de komo kedó en vida.

     And the one who made the biggest impression was, naturally, Haím Refael, who recounted the Shoah, the stay in Auschwitz, and how he kept alive.

5. of; from (indicating cause)
   • 2020 November 25, Eliz Gatenyo, “Ko-Abitasyones”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎^[14], archived from the original on 23 March 2023:

     Mösyö Ehrlich era lehli (ashkenazi) komo ya se entiende de su nombre.

     Mösyö Ehrlich was Lehli (Ashkenazi), as is already understood from his name.

6. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)
   • 1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur‎^[15], Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

     Si mis vizinos (goliian) mis defectos
     Si aleşavan⁵) de mi como de muertos.

     If my neighbours sense my defects, if they keep away from me like the dead.

   • 2000, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, translated by Avner Perets, במחנות המות‎^[16], מכון מעלה אדומים, →ISBN, page 47:

     Staran por siempre libres de teles, de kadenas, […] de ambre i de penas.

     Forever shall they be free from iron wires, from chains, from hunger and from pains.

7. than (in certain phrases)

   Coordinate term: ke

   • 2018 January 17, Dora NİYEGO, “Nunka Te Olvides”, in Şalom:

     Kada anyo, mas de un milion de personas se van a Auschwitz para rekordar los ke murieron.

     Every year, more than a million people go to Auschwitz to remember those who died.

8. indicates a time of day or period of someone’s life
   • 1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika‎^[17], Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 592:

     Aspera un poko, bwen djidyó. Es virgwensa de yirse de noche. Amanyana de manyana, aydes. Aséntese en su lugar.

     Wait a minute, [my] good Jew. It’s a shame to leave at night. The day after tomorrow, go forth. May one settle in one’s place.

9. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive [ca. 1510^[2]]
   • 1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca‎^[18], Editions Vidas Largas, page 163:

     Era el uzo en akeya notche de komer en los balkones o las terrasas.

     It was habitual in that night to dine on the balconies or the flat roofs.

Sometimes before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article el, it frequently contracts with the article into del. Nevertheless, these contractions are not compulsory in Judezmo as they are in French and Spanish.

Inherited from Proto-Italic *dē (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁ (“towards”), from *de (“to, towards”) + *-h₁ (instrumental suffix). Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdɛː]

dē (+ ablative)

1. of; concerning; about

   actum est de aliquo ― It is over for someone, someone’s fate is sealed

   de rebus mathematicis libri ― books concerning mathematics, mathematics books

   • c. 1772, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ‎^[19], page 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds

   Synonyms: ex, ab

   De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.

   de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere ― to rip and drag someone away from the embrace of their mother

   de caelo aliquid demittere ― to bring down something from the sky

   aliquid mercari de aliquo ― to buy something from someone

   aliquid de aliquo quaerere ― To inquire from someone.

   De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.

   Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.

   Iuris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.

   1. with petere, of a place

      De vicino terra petita solo. ― Earth brought from the nearby soil

   2. (Late Latin) of persons

      Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.

   3. (chielfy with possessive determiners, elliptic) indicates the one from whose property something is payed for: from one's purse
      • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Bacchides 97–98:

        Ego opsonabo, nam id flagitium meum sit, mea te gratia
        et operam dare mi et ad eam operam facere sumptum de tuo.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 117:

        opsonat potat, olet unguenta: de meo

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 16.16.5:

        Atticus, qui civitatem conservatam cuperet, pecuniam numeravit de suo.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 6.15.9:

        sed quid ego vos de vestro impendatis hortor?

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws

   Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.

   Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.

   decedere de provincia ― to retire from office

   de vita decedere ― to withdraw from life, to die

   de triclinio exire ― to step away from a triclinium

   Decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.

   de muro se deicere ― to throw oneself down from the wall

   de sella exsilire ― to jump from the stool

   De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere iuberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.

5. (expressing location) indicates the place from which anything is done or takes place: off, from, on

   Synonyms: ab, ex

   nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare ― to aim at the enemy from neither horse nor wall

7. (expressing composition) indicates the composition of something:

   Synonym: ex

9. (expressing cause) because of, by, on account of, owing to

   Synonym: ex

11. (expressing reference) indicates the thing with reference to which any thing is done: with respect to, as for, as to
    1. over, (in reference to the people subjugated when celebrating a victory)

       dē Germānīs triumphāre ― to triumph over the Germans

13. (expressing agreement) in a way consistent with: according to, after, in keeping with, in conformity with, as becoming (something)

    Synonyms: secundum, ex

    alicuius dē sententiā ― according to one; according to one's plan

15. (idiomatic) with adjectives and participles, forms various adverbial phrases:

    Synonyms: ex, ab

    dē integrō ― anew, again

    dē imprōvīsō ― unexpectedly

    dē trānsversō ― unexpectedly

• Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.

de (+ accusative)

1. on this side, from

   Synonyms: secus, -c

• inde
• utrinde
• unde
• quande

Derived from Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/.^[1]

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdeː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdɛː]

dē n or f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter D.

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

• “de, adv.”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “de, adv.”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “de, prep.”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “de, prep.”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "de", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “de”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[20], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • to be struck by lightning: de caelo tangi, percuti
    
  • to turn aside from the right way; to deviate: de via declinare, deflectere (also metaphorically)
    
  • make way for any one: (de via) decedere alicui
    
  • weary with travelling; way-worn: fessus de via
    
  • to leave a place: discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo
    
  • to quit a place for ever: decedere loco, de, ex loco
    
  • to throw oneself from the ramparts: se deicere de muro
    
  • to throw some one down the Tarpeian rock: deicere aliquem de saxo Tarpeio
    
  • while it is still night, day: de nocte, de die
    
  • late at night: multa de nocte
    
  • a fine, practised ear: aures elegantes, teretes, tritae (De Or. 9. 27)
    
  • to pass a thing from hand to hand: de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid
    
  • to wrest from a person's hand: ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid
    
  • to slip, escape from the hands: e (de) manibus effugere, elābi
    
  • the world of sense, the visible world: res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36)
    
  • to free one's mind from the influences of the senses: sevocare mentem a sensibus (De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21)
    
  • from one's entry into civil life: ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • to dream of a person: somniare de aliquo
    
  • to depart this life: (de) vita decedere or merely decedere
    
  • to depart this life: de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare
    
  • to remove a person: e or de medio tollere
    
  • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • for valid reasons: iustis de causis
    
  • to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him: consolari aliquem de aliqua re
    
  • to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to..: bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri de aliquo
    
  • to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
    
  • to expostulate with a person about a thing: conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re
    
  • to inform a person: certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re)
    
  • to mention a thing: mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re
    
  • to mention a thing incidentally, casually: mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
    
  • to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person: de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere
    
  • to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    
  • to do work (especially agricultural): opus facere (De Senect. 7. 24)
    
  • to exert oneself very considerably in a matter: desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38)
    
  • to study the commonplace: cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere)
    
  • vague, undeveloped ideas: intellegentiae adumbratae or incohatae (De Leg. 1. 22. 59)
    
  • to give up one's opinion: de sententia sua decedere
    
  • to give up one's opinion: (de) sententia desistere
    
  • to be forced to change one's mind: de sententia deici, depelli, deterreri
    
  • to make a man change his opinion: de sententia aliquem deducere, movere
    
  • to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
    
  • to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut)
    
  • to deliberate together (of a number of people): consilium habere (de aliqua re)
    
  • to deliberate, consider (of individuals): consultare or deliberare (de aliqua re)
    
  • designedly; intentionally: de industria, dedita opera (opp. imprudens)
    
  • from memory; by heart: ex memoria (opp. de scripto)
    
  • to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing: ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44)
    
  • to apply oneself very closely to literary, scientific work: in litteris elaborare (De Sen. 8. 26)
    
  • to be a man of great learning: doctrina abundare (De Or. 3. 16. 59)
    
  • abstruse studies: studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8)
    
  • to have a thorough grasp of a subject: penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108)
    
  • for a Roman he is decidedly well educated: sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12)
    
  • to civilise men, a nation: homines, gentem a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere (De Or. 1. 8. 33)
    
  • to obtain a result in something: aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re (De Or. 1. 33. 152)
    
  • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
    
  • to give advice, directions, about a matter: praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re
    
  • Cicero's philosophical writings: Ciceronis de philosophia libri
    
  • Solon, one of the seven sages: Solo, unus de septem (illis)
    
  • to teac: tradere (aliquid de aliqua re)
    
  • dialectical nicety: disserendi subtilitas (De Or. 1. 1. 68)
    
  • moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
    
  • moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    
  • to systematise: ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41)
    
  • to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion: constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur
    
  • the points on which proofs are based; the grounds of proof: loci (τόποι) argumentorum (De Or. 2. 162)
    
  • to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically: disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid)
    
  • to discuss both sides of a question: in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare (De Or. 1. 34)
    
  • to be contested, become the subject of debate: in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291)
    
  • the point at issue: id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam
    
  • a twofold tradition prevails on this subject: duplex est memoria de aliqua re
    
  • to write poetry with facility: carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50)
    
  • to learn to play a stringed instrument: fidibus discere (De Sen. 8. 26)
    
  • the melody: modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187)
    
  • the art of painting: ars pingendi, pictura (De Or. 2. 16. 69)
    
  • the dramatic art: ars ludicra (De Or. 2. 20. 84)
    
  • to retire from the stage: de scaena decedere
    
  • to be fluent: disertum esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94)
    
  • to be a capable, finished speaker: eloquentem esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94)
    
  • flow of oratory: flumen orationis (De Or. 2. 15. 62)
    
  • incorrect language: oratio inquinata (De Opt. Gen. Or. 3. 7)
    
  • flowers of rhetoric; embellishments of style: lumina, flores dicendi (De Or. 3. 25. 96)
    
  • to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing): exponere aliquid or de aliqua re
    
  • to make a character-sketch of a person: de ingenio moribusque alicuius exponere
    
  • graphic depiction: rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202)
    
  • to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17)
    
  • to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully: fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re
    
  • to interpolate, insert something: interponere aliquid (De Am. 1. 3)
    
  • to digress, deviate: digredi (a proposito) (De Or. 2. 77. 311)
    
  • a rather recondite speech: oratio longius repetita (De Or. 3. 24. 91)
    
  • to read a speech: de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria)
    
  • the arrangement of the subject-matter: dispositio rerum (De Inv. 1. 7. 9)
    
  • to set some one a theme for discussion: ponere alicui, de quo disputet
    
  • to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • the question at issue: res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur
    
  • to answer every question: percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97)
    
  • a far-fetched joke: arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256)
    
  • to be silly, without tact: ineptum esse (De Or. 2. 4. 17)
    
  • to be united by having a common language: eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223)
    
  • to translate from Plato: ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre
    
  • a linguist, philologian: grammaticus (De Or. 1. 3. 10)
    
  • to employ carefully chosen expressions: lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37)
    
  • to say not a syllable about a person: ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere
    
  • to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem)
    
  • to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    
  • to compose, compile a book: librum conficere, componere (De Sen. 1. 2)
    
  • there exists a book on..: est liber de...
    
  • the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
    
  • to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...): librum de manibus ponere
    
  • humour; disposition: animi affectio or habitus (De Inv. 2. 5)
    
  • I am pained, vexed, sorry: doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
    
  • to disconcert a person: animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare)
    
  • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de statu suo or mentis deici (Att. 16. 15)
    
  • to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted: de gradu deici, ut dicitur
    
  • what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
    
  • it's all over with me; I'm a lost man: actum est de me
    
  • to hope well of a person: bene, optime (meliora) sperare de aliquo (Nep. Milt. 1. 1)
    
  • to fulfil expectation: exspectationem explere (De Or. 1. 47. 205)
    
  • to be touched with pity: misericordia moveri, capi (De Or. 2. 47)
    
  • to have enthusiasm for a person or thing: studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • to undermine a person's loyalty: de fide deducere or a fide abducere aliquem
    
  • to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem)
    
  • to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
    
  • to suspect a person: suspicionem habere de aliquo
    
  • to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2)
    
  • to vent one's anger, spite on some one: virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87)
    
  • his vices betray themselves: vitia erumpunt (in aliquem) (De Amic. 21. 76)
    
  • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
    
  • apparently; to look at: specie (De Amic. 13. 47)
    
  • to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
    
  • to follow one's inclinations: studiis suis obsequi (De Or. 1. 1. 3)
    
  • moral precepts: praecepta de moribus or de virtute
    
  • to give moral advice, rules of conduct: de virtute praecipere alicui
    
  • by divine inspiration (often = marvellously, excellently): divinitus (De Or. 1. 46. 202)
    
  • to observe the sky (i.e. the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.: de caelo servare (Att. 4. 3. 3)
    
  • to escort a person from his house: deducere aliquem de domo
    
  • to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
    
  • to dispossess a person: demovere, deicere aliquem de possessione
    
  • to live on one's means: de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
    
  • a sociable, affable disposition: facilitas, faciles mores (De Am. 3. 11)
    
  • to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re
    
  • the conversation turned on..: sermo incidit de aliqua re
    
  • to converse, talk with a person on a subject: sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3)
    
  • to exchange greetings: inter se consalutare (De Or. 2. 3. 13)
    
  • to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re
    
  • to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman): nuntium remittere alicui (De Or. 1. 40)
    
  • disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175)
    
  • to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing: in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28)
    
  • to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se
    
  • to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid
    
  • to demand an account, an audit of a matter: rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104)
    
  • credit has disappeared: fides (de foro) sublata est (Leg. Agr. 2. 3. 8)
    
  • to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
    
  • as you sow, so will you reap: ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65)
    
  • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    
  • to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica
    
  • to have the good of the state at heart: omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire
    
  • the head of the state: rector civitatis (De Or. 1. 48. 211)
    
  • statesmanship; political wisdom: prudentia (civilis) (De Or. 1. 19. 85)
    
  • to foresee political events long before: longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40)
    
  • one of the people: homo plebeius, de plebe
    
  • one of the crowd; a mere individual: unus de or e multis
    
  • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere
    
  • to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6): aliquem gradu movere, depellere or de gradu (statu) deicere
    
  • deposed from one's high position: de principatu deiectus (B. G. 7. 63)
    
  • to contend with some one for the pre-eminence: contendere cum aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist. 1)
    
  • to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
    
  • to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
    
  • to form a conspiracy: coniurare (inter se) de c. Gerund. or ut...
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: de, e civitate aliquem eicere
    
  • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    
  • a returning from exile to one's former privileges: postliminium (De Or. 1. 40. 181)
    
  • to shake hands with voters in canvassing: manus prensare (De Or. 1. 24. 112)
    
  • to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office): de potestate decedere
    
  • men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
    
  • a man who has held many offices: honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45)
    
  • to officially proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    
  • to consult the senators on a matter: patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28)
    
  • the senate inclines to the opinion, decides for..: senatus sententia inclīnat ad... (De Sen. 6. 16)
    
  • what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet?
    
  • to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
    
  • to hold an inquiry into a matter: quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re
    
  • to examine a person, a matter: quaestionem habere de aliquo, de aliqua re or in aliquem
    
  • to have a person tortured: quaerere tormentis de aliquo
    
  • to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
    
  • counsel; advocate: patronus (causae) (De Or. 2. 69)
    
  • to strike a person's name off the list of the accused: eximere de reis aliquem
    
  • to accuse a person of extortion (to recover the sums extorted): postulare aliquem repetundarum or de repetundis
    
  • to accuse some one of illegal canvassing: accusare aliquem ambitus, de ambitu
    
  • to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
    
  • to decide on the conduct of the case: iudicare causam (de aliqua re)
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    
  • to atone for something by..: luere aliquid aliqua re (De Sen. 20)
    
  • to execute the death-sentence on a person: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    
  • to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
    
  • to triumph over some one: triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae)
    
  • to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace
    
  • to stop rowing; to easy: sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33)
    
  • to land, disembark: exire ex, de navi
    
  • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
    
  • I have a few words to say on this: mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re
    
  • more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
    
  • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: atque haec quidem de...
    
  • so much for this subject...; enough has been said on..: ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est
    
  • I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)
    
  • but enough: sed manum de tabula!
    
• dē in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

• IPA^(key): /de/

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of
2. from

de + article	Combined form
de + o	do
de + a	da
de + i	di
de + e	de

de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)

de

1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

From Old Lombard de, from Latin dē.

de

1. from
2. by, of

de

1. (Cremish) alternative form of dì

• Bonifacio, Samarani (1852), Vocabulario cremasco-italiano‎^[21] (in Italian), Crema

Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : de     Ordinal : sègon     Multiplier : doub     Collective : toulédé

Inherited from French deux (“two”), from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

• IPA^(key): /dø/
• Rhymes: -ø

de

1. alternative form of dé (“two”)

• dee (for the pronoun), (in Dutch Low Saxon also) dij
• dei
• dai (East Pomeranian)
• dé (´ denoting a raising of the voice), dè (` denoting a swallow up or shorting) (all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim)

From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.

• IPA^(key): /deː/, /deɪ̯/, /dɛɪ̯/

de m or f (neuter dat, plural de)

1. the

   De Mann gat hen. ― The man walks [lit. goes] there.

   De Fru geiht hen. ― The woman walks [lit. goes] there.

   dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch) ― the sacrament of marriage

• Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.
• There is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.

de m or f (neuter dat)

1. (relative) which, that

   de Mann, de dår güng ― the man, which walked there

   de Mann, den wi hüert häbben ― the man, which we hired

   de Fru, de wi hüert hębben ― the woman, which we have hired

   dat Schipp, dat wi sailt hębben ― the ship that we have sailed

• The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.

	Sg. m.	Sg. f.	Sg. n.	Pl.
Nom.	de	de	dat	de
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.	den	de	dat	de

• IPA^(key): [də]

de

1. unstressed form of du

de

1. romanization of ᡩᡝ

de (de⁵ / de⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄉㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 地
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 底
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 得
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 的
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 脦
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠵨
7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of の

de

1. nonstandard spelling of dē
2. nonstandard spelling of dé
3. nonstandard spelling of dè
4. nonstandard spelling of dê̄

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : de     Ordinal : deziem     Adverbial : ledoub

• IPA^(key): /de/

Inherited from French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

de

1. two

From French de.

de

1. of
2. from

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 73
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 229

de

1. inflection of die:
   1. masculine nominative singular
   2. feminine nominative/accusative singular
   3. nominative/accusative plural

de

1. alternative form of þe (“thee”)

de

1. alternative form of dee

de

1. (Early Scots, West Riding) alternative form of deyen (“to die”)

Inherited from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of
2. from

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

• French: de
  • Mauritian Creole: de
  • → English: de

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of; from

   Pertual ye un paíç localizado ne l sudoeste de la Ouropa. ― Portugal is a country located in the south-west of Europe.

From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.

de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)

1. the, nominative singular feminine definite article
2. the, nominative plural definite article

• “de” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

de

1. tree

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

de (Mooring)

1. Object case of dü: you, thee; yourself, thyself

• di (Föhr-Amrum, Sylt)

From Old Frisian thī, derived from forms of Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

de (Föhr-Amrum)

1. the (masculine singular, full form)

   Coordinate term: (reduced form) a

• di (Mooring, Sylt)

de

1. an element of several circumpositions

• di ... de
• li ... de
• ji ... de

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

-de

1. tall

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈte/

de

1. then, after that
2. then, in that case

• Eino Koponen, Klaas Ruppel, Kirsti Aapala, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[22], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

de

1. yes

PIE word
*só

Inherited from Middle Norwegian the, also their,^[1] from Old Norse þeir (“they; those”), the nominative masculine plural of sá (“that”), from Proto-Germanic *þai, from Proto-Indo-European *tóy, the nominative masculine plural of *só. The masculine plural form was generalized to all genders.

The singular gender-neutral sense is a semantic loan from English they.^[2]

Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk dei, Danish de, Swedish de, Icelandic þeir, Faroese teir and German die (“those”). Compare English they, borrowed from Old Norse.

• IPA^(key): /diː/, [diː]
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /di/, [di]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iː
• Homophones: di, De
• Hyphenation: de

de pl (masculine and feminine singular den, neuter singular det)

1. those; pointing to or recalling particular people or things.

   Jeg vil ha de bøkene. ― I want those books.

   De husene der er gamle. ― Those houses over there are old.

   • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden‎^[23], page 109:

     der er store skabe med bøger i; og i mange af de bøgerne er der billeder

     there are large cupboards with books in them; and in many of those books there are pictures

   • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden‎^[24], page 169:

     jeg har jo aldrig sådan egentlig været gift; så jeg tør ikke dømme om de ting

     I have never really been married, after all; so I dare not judge such matters

   • 1890, Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler‎^[25], page 32:

     Hedda (tar buketten på pianoet): «De blomster stod ikke her inat da vi kom.»

     Hedda (taking the bouquet from the piano): ‘Those flowers were not here last night when we arrived.’

   • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter‎^[26], volume I, page 265:

     de dages publikum var […] for lidet kritisk udviklet

     the audiences of those days were […] insufficiently developed in their critical judgment

   • 1914, Sigrid Undset, Vaaren‎^[27], page 199:

     «de der mimoserne er fra mig,» sa Torkild

     ‘Those mimosas there are from me,’ said Torkild

   1. Indicating familiarity or an attitude toward the referents.

      Å, de ungene! ― Oh, those children!

      • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden‎^[28], page 63:

        se så; er det nu de kopierne igen?

        now then; is it those copies again?

      • 1885, Henrik Ibsen, Brand‎^[29], page 12:

        det er svært, hvor livet er de godtfolk kært!

        it's remarkable how dear life is to those good people!

      • 1896, Henrik Ibsen, John Gabriel Borkman‎^[30], page 107:

        å, de kvinder! De fordærver og forvansker livet for os!

        oh, those women! They ruin and distort life for us!

   2. (colloquial, emphatic) such; what.

      Han har de fantastiske foreldrene! ― He has such wonderful parents!

      • 2004, Siri Kristiansen, Siris dagbok‎^[31], page 30:

        så har jo Line de dødsgreie foreldra òg, da

        and Line has such incredibly nice parents too, of course

2. the; specified by a following clause.

   Vi besøkte de stedene hun anbefalte. ― We visited the places she recommended.

   • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Hærmændene på Helgeland‎^[32], page 51:

     får du ikke de tanker, at jeg må være død […] og at det er en genganger, som her står hos dig?

     don't you get the idea that I must be dead […] and that it is a ghost standing here beside you?

   • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[33], page 182:

     man får tude med de ulve, som er ude

     one must howl with the wolves that are abroad

3. In de og de or de eller de: such and such.

   Hun sa at vi måtte besøke de og de stedene. ― She said we had to visit such and such places.

   • 2001, Ketil Bjørnstad, Jæger‎^[34], page 179:

     under de eller de indre eller ytre omstendigheter

     under such and such internal or external circumstances

• De is plural; the corresponding singular forms are masculine and feminine den (“that”) and neuter det (“that”). The following noun normally takes its definite form: de husene ("those houses").
• Disse (“these”) normally indicates nearer referents. Colloquial de her and de der can occur before or around a noun: de her husene, de husene her ("these houses").

de (objective dem, genitive deres)

1. they; referring to people or things in the third person plural.

   Barna er hjemme. De lager middag. ― The children are home. They are making dinner.

   Hvor er bøkene? De ligger på bordet. ― Where are the books? They are on the table.

   • 1873, Henrik Ibsen, Kejser og Galilæer‎^[35], page 32:

     [alle troende] falder fra og bliver spottere. Og ikke de alene. Hans [filosofens] ord bæres fra mund til mund lige ind i kejserslottet

     [all believers] fall away and become mockers. And not only they. His [the philosopher's] words are carried from mouth to mouth right into the imperial palace

   • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[36], page 31:

     ([Peer] lytter mod bryllupsgården:) «De spiller til dans!»

     ([Peer] listens towards the wedding farm:) ‘They're playing dance music!’

   • 1913, Olaf Bull, Nye digte‎^[37], page 23:

     han tømmer den festlige julesnaps, just som de slukker i sjappen

     he drains the festive Christmas dram just as they turn out the lights in the shop

   • 1919, Kristian Elster d.y., Av Skyggernes Slegt‎^[38], page 39:

     over i borstuen hadde de lagt sig

     they had gone to bed over in the servants' room

   • 1930, Arbeiderbladet, number 199, page 1:

     guttene har en liten sportsplass i nærheten […] og her driver de på av hjertens lyst med all slags idrett

     the boys have a small sports ground nearby […] and here they pursue all kinds of sport to their hearts' content

   1. Repeating a detached subject, or reinforcing alle or begge.

      Barna, de sover ennå. ― The children are still asleep.

      Alle var de enige. ― They were all in agreement.

      Barna vet mye, de. ― The children certainly know a lot.

      • 1872, Henrik Ibsen, Kongs-Emnerne‎^[39], page 80:

        presterne derinde de sagde, at alle mine synder skulde være mig forladt

        the priests in there said that all my sins would be forgiven me

      • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt‎^[40], page 216:

        alle viser har samme slut; og alle er de gamle

        all songs have the same ending, and all of them are old

      • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte‎^[41], page 52:

        Guds engle små, de våger for vuggebarnets fred

        God's little angels watch over the cradle child's peace

      • 1884, Henrik Ibsen, Vildanden‎^[42], page 80:

        kunde nok være det, at vi har duer! De har rugekasserne sine der oppe under tagskægget, de

        you can be sure we have pigeons! They have their nesting boxes up there under the eaves, they do

      • 1918, Gunnar Heiberg, Samlede dramatiske verker‎^[43], volume III, page 63:

        disse som her ligger, de fældte sig selv

        those who lie here brought themselves down

      • 1930, Morgenbladet, number 199, page 5:

        viserne […] de er saltet i revyen

        the songs […] are the salt of the revue

   2. (colloquial) In og de: and their family, companions, or associates.

      Kari og de kommer på besøk. ― Kari and her family are coming to visit.

      • 1994, Truls Horvei, Blå strenger‎^[44], page 24:

        […] utenfor blokken til Stilken og de

        […] outside the block of flats where Stilken and his friends lived

2. those; the people or things indicated or specified.

   De som vil være med, må melde seg på. ― Those who want to join must sign up.

   De i nabohuset er på ferie. ― The people next door are on holiday.

   • 1846, P. Chr. Asbjørnsen, edited by Anders Krogvig, Fra det nationale gjennembruds tid. Breve fra Jørgen Moe til P. Chr. Asbjørnsen og andre‎^[45], published 1915, page 301:

     jeg [er] bleven fortrolig med og hærdet mod helbreden truende uleiligheder af lignende art som de man udsætter sig for ved arbeide i de kolde bibliothekslokaler om vinteren

     I [have] become familiar with and hardened against health-threatening inconveniences of a kind similar to those to which one exposes oneself by working in cold library rooms in winter

   • 1880, Jonas Lie, Rutland‎^[46], page 91:

     han fik uddele af den daarligste sæk samt af de, der vare at bortsortere som bedærvede

     he was obliged to hand out supplies from the worst sack, as well as from those that were to be discarded as spoiled

   • 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[47], page 179:

     jeg bryr mig ikke så stort om buxerne, skønner du; for de kan du altid snurpe sammen for mig

     I don't care much about the trousers, you see; you can always stitch those up for me

   • 1891, Arne Garborg, Trætte Mænd‎^[48], page 53:

     de, som stjæler i stort, dem faar man uvilkaarlig en vis agtelse for

     those who steal on a large scale command a certain involuntary respect

   • 1892, Henrik Ibsen, Bygmester Solness‎^[49], page 14:

     gi plads for de, som yngre er

     make room for those who are younger

   • 1923, Bernhard Folkestad, Blaa hjul‎^[50], page 90:

     [jeg] fant mine sæler. […] De fæstet jeg til døren

     [I] found my braces. […] I fastened them to the door

   • 1926, Hans E. Kinck, Foraaret i Mikropolis‎^[51], page 76:

     derinde pleiet de fra Hovland og bønder andenstedsfra holde til og veide

     the people from Hovland and farmers from elsewhere used to stay and hunt in there

   • 1968, Eilert Sundt, Om Piperviken og Ruseløkbakken‎^[52], page 72:

     jeg har angivet fødestedet for de af Mangelsgårdens lemmer, som var hjemmehørende i Christiania

     I have stated the birthplace of those inmates of Mangelsgården who were resident in Christiania

   • 1994, Ivar Kleiven, Brev til Decorah-Posten‎^[53], page 69:

     mange botemidler [for å opprettholde landbruket] har vært anvist, og som et av de, man anså for det virksomste, var arbeiderbrugene

     many remedies [for maintaining agriculture] have been proposed, and among those considered most effective were the smallholdings for labourers

3. (colloquial) they; people generally or an unspecified group.

   De sier at vinteren blir kald. ― They say the winter will be cold.

   • 1888, Henrik Ibsen, Fruen fra havet‎^[54], page 141:

     han er jo en velhavendes mand, siger de

     he is a wealthy man, they say

   • 1896, Henrik Ibsen, John Gabriel Borkman‎^[55], page 34:

     de siger, folk, at hun skal være skilt fra sin mand

     people say that she is separated from her husband

   • 1904, Jacob B. Bull, Folkelivsbilleder, volume I, page 253:

     paa vidderne sydunder Sølenfjeld huserte […] en fjeldrøver, som de kaldte for Taterkristen

     on the uplands south of Mount Sølen there lived […] a mountain robber whom they called Taterkristen

4. (dialectal) them.

   Jeg så de i går. ― I saw them yesterday.

   • 1943, H. Wiers-Jenssen, Jan Herwitz‎^[56], page 79:

     jeg skal ta imot de og jeg skal leste være blid

     I shall welcome them and pretend to be cheerful

5. (nonstandard, singular, gender-neutral) they; referring to one person without specifying their gender, or to someone who uses this pronoun.

   Alex kommer senere. De måtte jobbe overtid. ― Alex is coming later. They had to work overtime.

   • 2024 July 25, Erlend Lundgård, “Spiller skurken i Deadpool & Wolverine: "Et rop etter oppmerksomhet"”, in Filmweb‎^[57]:

     […] var Corrin bekymret for at de måtte matche energien hans.

     […] Corrin was worried that they would have to match his energy.

• De normally marks the subject; dem (“them”) marks an object or follows a preposition. Word order does not change this distinction.
• Before a relative clause, de may also occur in object position or after a preposition: Jeg hjelper de som trenger det ("I help those who need it"). Språkrådet recommends dem in these positions. The same applies when som is omitted.
• Both de and dem occur after copular verbs and in comparisons: Det var de/dem ("It was them"), eldre enn de/dem ("older than them"). Both are also possible in cleft and existential constructions: Det var de/dem jeg møtte ("It was them I met"), Det finnes de/dem som mener noe annet ("There are those who think otherwise").
• The reflexive pronoun is seg: De vasker seg ("They wash themselves").
• Singular gender-neutral use is found in contemporary writing but is not part of the official Bokmål norm.^[2] For formal second-person address, see De (“you”).

de pl (masculine and feminine singular den, neuter singular det)

1. the; with plural nouns modified by adjectives or determiners.

   De gamle husene er fredet. ― The old houses are protected.

   • 1877, Henrik Ibsen, Samfundets støtter‎^[58], page 14:

     [han] standser ved synet af de mange damer

     [he] stops at the sight of the many ladies

   • 1885, Henrik Ibsen, Brand‎^[59], page 214:

     for mig ej passer de statens tusend sjælekasser

     those thousand state-run boxes for souls do not suit me

   • 1888, Henrik Ibsen, Fruen fra havet‎^[60], page 205:

     jeg tør jo ikke tænke på sligt noget i de første årene

     I dare not think of anything like that for the first few years

   • 1890, Knut Hamsun, Sult‎^[61], page 25:

     jeg havde de underligste plager paa alle kanter

     I had the strangest troubles on all sides

   • 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte‎^[62], volume I, page 40:

     over de høje fjelde

     over the high mountains

   • 1926, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte‎^[63], volume I, page 38:

     hun fletted ham en [krans] af de blomster blaa

     she wove him a [wreath] of the blue flowers

   • 1927, Johan Bojer, Samlede verker‎^[64], volume I, page 136:

     flaggene smaldt fra de høie stænger

     the flags snapped from the tall poles

2. With a substantivized adjective or determiner: the ... ones.

   Hun hjelper de eldre. ― She helps the elderly.

   Jeg valgte de største. ― I chose the largest ones.

   • 1872, Henrik Ibsen, Kongs-Emnerne‎^[65], page 85:

     de hellige er med mig

     the saints are with me

   • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Catilina‎^[66], page 123:

     de dødes land

     the land of the dead

   • 1879, Henrik Ibsen, Et dukkehjem‎^[67], page 178:

     jeg vil ikke se de små

     I do not want to see the little ones

   • 1882, Henrik Ibsen, En folkefiende‎^[68], page 50:

     det er alle de rige, alle dem med de gamle ansete navne i byen […] som styrer og råder over os

     it is all the rich, all those with the old respected names in town […] who govern and rule over us

   • 1892, Henrik Ibsen, Bygmester Solness‎^[69], page 141:

     de fleste er lige så store skrælinger, som jeg

     most of them are just as great weaklings as I am

   • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter‎^[70], volume I, page 276:

     7 forestillinger [ble forandret], hvoraf de 4 ved røde plakater

     seven performances [were changed], four of them by means of red posters

   • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter‎^[71], volume I, page 296:

     alle vilde være de første i bådene

     everyone wanted to be the first into the boats

   • 1926, Erling Winsnes, Veien vi ikke gaar‎^[72], page 39:

     en ekspedisjonssjef vil naturlig forsøke aa beskytte sine, de eldste paa kontoret, og de som man deler kjedelige hemmeligheter med

     a director general will naturally try to protect his own people, the oldest in the office, and those with whom he shares tiresome secrets

3. Before numerals, emphasizing a quantity or an age.

   Han nærmer seg de femti. ― He is approaching fifty.

   • 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt‎^[73], page 132:

     jeg var bleven henimod de fem og tyve år

     I had reached almost twenty-five years of age

   • 1877, Henrik Ibsen, Samfundets støtter‎^[74], page 63:

     jeg er nu oppe i de femti år

     I am now in my fifties

   • 1885, Henrik Ibsen, Brand‎^[75], page 17:

     [du] kunde visst de tusend sange!

     [you] surely knew a thousand songs!

   • 1888, Henrik Ibsen, Fruen fra havet‎^[76], page 32:

     jeg har såmæn allerede, med skam at sige, fyldt de syv og tredive

     I have already, I must admit with shame, turned thirty-seven

   • 1896, Henrik Ibsen, John Gabriel Borkman‎^[77], page 116:

     engang. For de mange – mange år siden

     once. Many, many years ago

   • 1920, Peter Egge, Inde i Fjordene‎^[78], page 18:

     Borg er paa henimot de tretti kjør

     Borg has nearly thirty cows

   • 1927, Johan Bojer, Samlede verker‎^[79], volume IV, page 15:

     en halvblind far paa de sytti

     a half-blind father in his seventies

4. (archaic) the; directly before a noun without an adjective.

   Jeg ber de herrer ta plass. ― I ask the gentlemen to take their seats.

   • 1853, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter‎^[80], volume III, page 510:

     af ege fra de saxers tid beskygget, var et slags theater bygget

     sheltered by oaks dating from the days of the Saxons, a sort of theatre had been built

   • 1862, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Sigurd Slembe‎^[81], page 121:

     hvad vælter de bølger i stille vejr?

     what makes the waves surge in calm weather?

   • 1882, Alexander L. Kielland, Skipper Worse‎^[82], pages 256–257:

     saaledes som apostelen siger i brevet til de romere andet kapitel, fjerde vers

     just as the apostle says in the Epistle to the Romans, chapter two, verse four

   • 1883, Henrik Ibsen, Gildet på Solhaug‎^[83], page 41:

     de småfugle kviddred fra busker og grene

     the little birds twittered from bushes and branches

   • 1906, Hans E. Kinck, Agilulf den Vise‎^[84], page 173:

     de gangere staar sadlet, herre konge

     the steeds stand saddled, my lord king

• The article is normally unstressed. The following noun normally has its definite suffix: de gamle husene ("the old houses"). Names, fixed expressions and formal or literary usage may lack this suffix.
• The archaic construction before an unmodified noun follows a German pattern.
• The determiner and article remain de when the whole noun phrase is an object: Jeg møtte de nye naboene ("I met the new neighbours").

PIE word
*yúHs

Inherited from Middle Norwegian ther, from Old Norse þér (“you, plural”), a variant of ér with initial þ- generalized from preceding verb forms ending in -ið, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a Northwest Germanic variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you, plural”).

In many Norwegian dialects, the corresponding pronoun instead continues Middle Norwegian thit, from þit (“you two”), a variant of it, from Proto-Germanic *jut. The old dual and plural forms merged as the dual distinction disappeared.^[3]

Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk de, Danish I, Swedish ni, Icelandic þér, German ihr (“you, plural”) and English ye.

• IPA^(key): /diː/, [diː]
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /di/, [di]
• Rhymes: -iː
• Homophones: di, De
• Hyphenation: de

de pl (objective dere, genitive deres)

1. (dated or dialectal) you; second-person plural.

   Synonym: dere

   Vil de komme inn, gutter? ― Will you come in, boys?

   • 1907, Alexander L. Kielland, Samlede værker‎^[85], volume I, page 239:

     Per kom […] ind og sagde: «Værsaagod! – naa maa de spise!»

     Per came […] in and said: ‘Please! Now you may eat!’

• This is an older subject form corresponding to modern dere (“you, plural”). It is distinct from the capitalized polite form De (“you”).

PIE word
*de

Unadapted borrowing from Latin dē (“from; of; concerning”), retained in Latin expressions, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, an instrumental formation from the particle Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; towards”) with *-h₁.

Compare French de, Spanish de, Portuguese de, Catalan de, Romanian de and Italian di (“of; from”).

• (in de facto and de jure) IPA^(key): /de/, [de]
• (in de profundis) IPA^(key): /deː/, [deː]
• (long-vowel pronunciation) Rhymes: -eː
• (long-vowel pronunciation) Homophones: d, D, det
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. (in Latin expressions) of; from.

   Grensen er de facto stengt. ― The border is de facto closed.

   • 1881, Ludvig Daae, Norske bygdesagn‎^[86], page 62:

     naar St. Olafs minne var drukket, skulde oplæses alle afdøde brødres og søstres navne med requiem og de profundis

     when a toast had been drunk to St Olaf's memory, the names of all deceased brothers and sisters were to be read aloud, with a requiem and De profundis

   • 1969, Dagbladet‎^[87], number 178, page 5, column 1:

     stormakter som de facto om enn ikke de jure ønsker å kolonisere månen

     great powers that, de facto if not de jure, wish to colonize the Moon

PIE word
*de

Unadapted borrowing from French de (“of; from”), retained in French expressions and names, from Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, an instrumental formation from Proto-Indo-European *de (“to; towards”) with *-h₁.

Compare Spanish de, Portuguese de, Catalan de, Romanian de and Italian di (“of; from”).

• (as in eau de cologne) IPA^(key): /də/, [də]
• (as in crème de la crème) IPA^(key): /dø/, [dø]
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. (in French expressions and names) of; from; in.

   Hun bruker eau de cologne hver morgen. ― She uses eau de cologne every morning.

   Han drømmer om å vinne Tour de France. ― He dreams of winning the Tour de France.

   • 1898 August 19, Stavanger Aftenblad‎^[88], page 1:

     [han] indgjød tillid overalt hos Madrids selskabelige crème de la crème

     [he] inspired trust everywhere among the crème de la crème of Madrid society

   • 1968, Bjørg Vik, Det grådige hjerte‎^[89], page 88:

     når hun likte en eau de cologne brukte hun den begeistret døgnet rundt

     when she liked an eau de cologne, she enthusiastically used it around the clock

• “de” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “de” in Norwegian Academy Dictionary (NAOB).
• “De eller dem” in Språkrådet.
• “De eller dem som?” in Språkrådet.
• Mari Lund Eide (24 August 2023), “De – en kjønnsnøytral utfordrer til hen?”, in Språkprat.

• De, de-, ed

From Middle Norwegian ther (“you”) and thit (“you two”), from Old Norse þér, a variant of ér (“you”) and þit, a variant of it (“you two”), from Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs.

• dokker
• di, did (dialectal and/or nonstandard)

• IPA^(key): /deː/, /diː/

de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)

1. you (second-person plural)

• dokker

From French de, Latin dē.

de

1. used in set expressions (such as de jure); translates to "from" and "of"

de

1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

de n

1. (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)

de

1. (dialectal or eye dialect, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) pronunciation spelling of deg

• “de” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
• “de” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
• Ivar Aasen (1850), “did”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog‎^[90] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000

• IPA^(key): /dē/

de

1. to have

   Mi de etun à ― I don't have a job

Inherited from Old Occitan de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of
2. from

• d' (before a vowel)

de f (plural des)

1. dee (the letter d, D)

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of
2. from

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

• before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'

• del (de + le)
• des (de + les)

• Middle French: de
  • French: de
    • Mauritian Creole: de
    • → English: de

• d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
• D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

• IPA^(key): /de/

de

1. of
   • a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 5 (facsimile):

     Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.

     This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

• Fala: de
• Galician: de
• Portuguese: de

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “de”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “de”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2026), “de”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN

• IPA^(key): /d̠ʲe/

de

2. alternative form of di (“of, from”)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

de

2. third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (“of, from”)
4. Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative

   lía de ― the more (literally, “more of it”)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of
2. from

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de

1. of; -'s (indicates ownership)
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 1v:

     […] Rey don alfonso […] Sennor de caſtiella de Toledo de Leon de Gallizia de Seuilla de cordoua de Murcia de Jahen. ⁊ del Algarbe.

     King don Alfonso, lord of Castile, of Toledo, of León, of Galicia, of Seville, of Cordoba, of Murcia, of Jaén and of the Algarve.

2. from; of (with the source or provenance of or at)
   • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 77v. b.:

     alli luego guio el eſtrella alos tres reyes magos que uinjeron de orient.

     There the star later guided the Three Wise Men that came from the east.

3. of (expressing composition or substance)
   • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, ff. 66r. b.-66v. a.:

     e ſus mugieres beuiã el uino e loauan a ſos dios de oro e de plata e de aramne e de fiero e de piedra e de madero.

     And their wives drank the wine and they worshiped their gods of gold and silver, of bronze, iron, stone and wood.

4. about (concerning or with regard to)
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 118v:

     Et dixieron los ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.

     And in the Book of Stones the wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.

5. of (indicates a quality or characteristic)
   • ca. 1429, Alfonso Chirino, Menor daño de la medicina (Escorial, b.IV.34) 115r:^[1]

     […] vn pañezuelo de buen diaquilon

     A cloth piece of good diachylon.

6. than (in certain phrases)

   Coordinate term: que

   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 82r:

     Al dia ſeteno dixierõ lo ellos aſãſõ. Q̃ es mas dulce q̃ la miel o q̃l es mas fuerte del leon. dixo ſãpſõ. Si nõ araſſedes cõ mẏ uaq̃ella. nõ ſoltariedes mi adeuinãçiella.

     On the seventh day, they said to Samson, “What is sweeter than honey? Or what is stronger than a lion?” Samson said, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my little riddle!”

• Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946), “de”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume I, Chapel Hill, page 163

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /de/

de (Arabic spelling دےۡ)

1. (auxiliary) past tense marker

• Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “de”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[91], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /de/

de

1. he, she, it

   De pukul sa kemarin.^[1] ― He hit me yesterday.

• De is the short form of dia. It cannot always replace the latter. For instance, in the example below, 'by him' must be expressed by the full pronoun.

Sa dapa pukul (dari dia)^[1] ― I was hit (by him/her).

Compare German den.

• IPA^(key): /də/

de pl (definite)

1. dative plural of der (“the”)

de

1. you

From the first letter of dupa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Syllabification: de

de n (indeclinable)

1. (minced oath) ass, arse, butt

• “de”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[92] (in Polish)

• d' (archaic, except for fixed terms)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Galician de.

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): /di/
• (Caipira) IPA^(key): /di/

• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de

de

2. of (in relation to)
   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 138:

     O protesto de Hermione foi abafado por uma risadinha alta.

     Hermione's objection was interrupted by a loud little laugh.

   os amigos dele ― his friends (literally, “the friends of him”)

   2. of (forms compounds; often untranslated)

      fones de ouvido ― headphones (literally, “phones of ear”)

      acampamento de verão ― summer camp

   4. of; about (on the subject of)

      Do que estavam falando? ― What were they talking about?

   6. of; -'s (belonging to)

      a casa de alguém ― someone's house

   8. -'s (made by)

      Você provou o bolo da minha mãe? ― Have you tried my mother’s cake?

   10. of (being a part of)

       capa do livro ― cover of the book

   12. of (introduces the month a given day is part of)

       Primeiro de janeiro. ― First of January.

   14. of (introduces the object of an agent noun)

       Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus. ― Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.

   16. of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)

       A vila de Iorque. ― The village of York.

4. of; -en (made or consisting of)

   De que é feito? ― What is this made of? (literally, “Of what is made this?”)

   2. -long (having the duration of)

      um filme de duas horas ― a two hour-long movie

   4. of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)

      Milhares de pessoas vieram. ― Thousands of people came.

   6. of (characterised by; having the given quality)

      O templo não é mais um local de paz. ― The temple is no longer a place of peace.

6. of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)

   Um balde cheio de água. ― A bucket full of water.

8. from (born in or coming out of)

   De onde você é? ― Where are you from?

10. by means of; by

    Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus. ― I always go to work by bus.

12. as (in the role of)

    Na festa, ele estava de bruxo. ― At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.

14. in (wearing)

    Homens de Preto ― Men in Black

When followed by an article, a pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun or adjective, or an adverb denoting location, de is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.

• “de”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “de”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

• дє — pre-1860s Cyrillic spelling
• де (de) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
• dă, di — dialectal

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

• IPA^(key): /de/

• Audio (female voice):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e

de

1. (informal or literary) if^{[conj note 1]}

   Synonyms: dacă (most usual), să (relatively uncommon)

2. (with the optative mood) if only
3. (informal) that (to the effect that)^{[conj note 2]}

   Synonyms: încât, (informal) că

   Am așteptat de ne-am plictisit.

   We waited [so much] that we got bored.

   E frig de a înghețat râul.

   It’s [so] cold that the river froze.

   Cum au jucat de au pierdut așa de rău?

   How did they play to lose so badly?

   Am bani de nu știu ce să fac cu ei.

   I have [so much] money that I don’t know what to do with it.

4. (archaic) while (whereas, despite the fact that)

   Synonyms: chiar dacă, deși, cu toate că

de (+accusative)

1. of

   Beau o ceașcă de ceai. ― I’m drinking a cup of tea.

   Este profesor de matematică ― He’s a teacher of mathematics.

2. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of motion: from.^{[prep note 1]}

   Apa picură de sus. ― The water drips from above.

   De unde vine sunetul? ― Where does the sound come from?

   Gloanțele acestea nu sunt bune decât de aproape. ― These bullets are only good from a short distance.

   Seara la ora de vârf toată lumea se întoarce de la serviciu.

   In the evening during rush hour everybody is returning from work.

   Ia plasa de lângă radiator! O să se topească! ― Take the bag away from near the heater! It will melt!

   O foaie de hârtie poate fi trasă repede de sub un pahar. ― A sheet of paper can be quickly pulled from under a glass.

3. (before spatial adverbs and prepositions) Indicates source of origin: from.^{[prep note 1]}

   Mâncarea de acolo e bună. ― The food from there is good.

   Pământul de sub Turnul din Pisa este prea moale. ― The earth from under the Leaning Tower of Pisa is too soft.

4. (with adverbs/prepositions/conjunctions of time or precisely referenced time-related nouns) of, from, ’s

   Ziua de mâine va fi mai bună decât ziua de azi.

   Tomorrow will be better than today.

   (literally, “the day of tomorrow”, “the day of today”)

   Întâlnirile de mâine, de marți și de săptămâna viitoare se amână.

   Tomorrow’s, Tuesday’s and next week’s meetings are being postponed.

   Arhiva este plină cu documente de demult. ― The archive is full of documents from long ago.

   Știrile acestea nu sunt de acum, ci de anul trecut. ― These news are not from right now, but from last year.

   Mă uit la poze de dinainte să mă fi născut. ― I’m looking at photos from before I was born.

   Retrăiesc amintiri de când eram copil. ― I’m reliving memories from when I was a child.

   Anii de după Revoluție au fost grei. ― The years from after the Revolution were difficult.

5. for (intended for a certain destination)

   În magazin hainele de bărbați sunt în stânga, iar cele de femei în dreapta.

   In the shop, men’s clothes are on the left, while women’s are on the right.

   Acestea sunt de începători. ― These are for beginners.

   Ai cizme de lucru? ― Do you have work boots?

6. Introduces a measure or a measurable or describable trait: of

   Suma este de zece lei. ― The sum is 10 lei. (literally, “The sum is of ten lei.”)

   A fost instalat un stâlp de șase metri înălțime.

   A pole six metres in height was installed.

   (literally, “of six metres in height”)

   Un procent de 40% din populația orașului este de etnie maghiară.

   A percentage of 40% out of the town’s population is of Hungarian ethnicity.

   ― De ce culoare este casa? ― De culoare galbenă.

   “What colour is the house?” “Yellow in colour”.

   Nu mai cumpăr niciodată energizant de doi lei.

   I’ll never buy a two lei energy drink again.

   (literally, “an energy drink of two lei”)

7. Introduces the doer of a passive verb or participle: by.^{[prep note 2]}

   Programul este susținut de statul român.

   The program is supported by the Romanian state.

8. Introduces the author of a work: by.
9. Connects a cardinal numeral who is a multiple of 100 or whose tens are greater than 1 to the determinated noun.^{[prep note 3]}

   În cont sunt două sute șaisprezece lei și patruzeci și patru de bani.

   In the account there are 216 lei and 44 bani.

10. Connects most adverbs other than certain basic ones to the determined adjectives or adverbs.

    Sunt nemaipomenit de atent să ajung suficient de devreme. ― I’m exceedingly careful to arrive sufficiently early.

    Motocicleta merge destul de repede. ― The motorbike is going pretty fast.

    E atât de frumos afară. ― It’s so beautiful outside.

11. Follows certain adverbs of position (as well as the temporal adverb înainte) to form prepositional phrases.

    Este bine să locuiești aproape de centrul orașului. ― It is good to live near the city centre.

    Stația nu este departe de aici. ― The station is not far from here.

    Dincolo de munți se află Transilvania. ― Beyond the mountains lies Transylvania.

    Aceste clădiri au fost construite înainte de Primul Război Mondial. ― These buildings were built before the First World War.

12. Marks the point of action of a force of grip: by.

    Nu lua iepurele de urechi. ― Do not grab the rabbit by the ears.

    Plăcile se prind numai de margini. ― Vinyls are held by the edges only.

    L-a mușcat câinele de mână. ― The dog bit him by the hand.

    Pisicii nu îi place să fie trasă de coadă. ― The cat doesn’t like having its tail pulled. (literally, “being pulled by the tail”)

13. (informal outside certain constructions; regarding physical or mental states or traits of living beings) for, because of, out of^{[prep note 4]}

    Synonyms: de la (colloquial), din cauza

    La ora șase încă eram buimac de somn. ― At six I was still groggy for lack of sleep.

    Unii prizonieri au murit de foame, iar ceilalți de diverse boli.

    Some of the prisoners died of hunger, and the rest of various diseases.

    O să îți pierzi capul de zăpăcit ce ești.

    You’ll lose your own head for being so absent-minded.

    (literally, “for absent-minded that you are”)

    În casa asta nu se poate locui de multe ce lipsesc.

    One cannot live in this house for how many things are missing.

    (literally, “for many that are missing”)

    Muncitorii deja sunt obosiți de atâta drum.

    The workers are already tired for having come such a long way.

    (literally, “because of so much journey”)

14. (informal, chiefly in the negative) Indicates the cause of a hindrance, physical or otherwise: because of

    Unii oameni stau în ușă fără să își dea seama că alții nu pot trece de ei.

    Some people stand in the doorway without realising that others cannot pass because of them.

    Nu se vede de ceață. ― There is no visibility because of fog.

    Mă auzi de zgomot? ― Can you hear me with all this noise?

    Pe aici nu se poate trece de minele de teren. ― One cannot pass through here due to landmines.

15. Forms an adverbial numeral with ori or dăți.

    De câte ori a bătut ceasul? De șase ori.

    How many times did the pendulum clock strike? Six times.

16. Precedes numbers and letters when they are themselves counted.

    Dacă ai un opt, o să îți trebuiască trei de zece ca să îți iasă media zece.

    If you have one grade of 8 (equivalent of a B), you’ll need three 10’s (equivalent of an A) to still get an average grade of 10.

    „Nu fi” nu se scrie cu doi de i, ci cu unul.

    Nu fi (“don’t be”) isn’t written with two i’s, but with one.

17. (after indications of position or before numerals, time coordinates, or the word atât) than

    Coordinate term: decât (mutually exclusive in use)

    Puține orașe se află mai jos de nivelul mării. ― Few cities are situated lower than sea level.

    Război și pace are mai mult de o mie de pagini. ― War and Peace has more than a thousand pages.

    A trecut mai puțin de jumătate din vacanță. ― Less than half of summer break has passed.

    Nu se poate mai devreme de luna viitoare. ― It isn’t possible any earlier than next month.

    Poți chiar mai bine de atât. ― You can do even better than that.

18. Marks the starting point of a state or recurring event: since, starting, as of.

    de acum încolo ― from now on

    Curentul e tăiat de ieri. ― The power is cut since yesterday.

    Noii angajați încep de săptămâna viitoare serviciul. ― The new employees are beginning work starting next week.

19. Marks the duration of a state or recurring event persisting to the present: for, in

    Compania noastră este prezentă în România de șase ani. ― Our company has been present in Romania for six years.

    Nu te-am mai văzut de multă vreme. ― I haven’t seen you in a long time.

20. (only of festive dates) on

    Coordinate term: pe (of regular dates)

    De Anul Nou sau de 1 Mai se petrece. ― On New Year or May Day one celebrates.

    Mi-am luat concediu de ziua mea de naștere. ― On my birthday I took a day off.

21. (informal) Against a sum of money or the equivalent value of something.

    De cincizeci de lei am luat cafea și de restul zahăr. ― I bought fifty lei’s worth of coffee, and sugar with the remainder.

    Poftim cinci lei, ia-ți bomboane de ei. ― Here’s five lei, buy yourself candy with it.

    De bonuri de masă nu se poate cumpăra alcool. ― One cannot buy alcohol with meal vouchers.

22. (informal) synonym of despre (“about, of”)^{[prep note 5]}

    Ce știe lumea de economie? ― What do people know about economy?

    Tocmai vorbeam de tine. ― We were just talking about you.

23. (informal) Connects an often negative qualifier to a noun or pronoun: of a.

    Aici stă un nesuferit de moș. ― Here lives a jerk of an old man.

    Prostul de mine, am uitat. ― Foolish me, I forgot.

24. Stands between two repetitions of a unit of time to mark it as an interval of regular repetition: by.

    zi de zi ― day by day, daily

    an de an ― year by year, annualy

    Minut de minut se aude semnalul. ― The signal is heard every minute. (literally, “minute by minute”)

25. (colloquial) Stands between two reduplications of a noun, with the resulting construction signifying that said noun is distinguished in its class in an impressive way.

    Am văzut azi la magazin pantofi de pantofi. Bine, aveau și niște prețuri de prețuri.

    I saw some world-class shoes at the store today. Well, they also had some crazy high prices.

    Mi-a venit o idee de idee. ― I’ve just had an excellent idea.

    Toți se cred șmecheri de șmecheri. ― They all think they’re some real cool guys.

26. Indicates a specific train by its origin station.

    Trenul de Timișoara face cincisprezece ore până la Iași. ― The Timișoara train takes fifteen hours to Iași.

27. Indicates the recipients of an equal distribution: per.

    Rația e de 2 litri de apă de persoană. ― The ration is 2 litres of water per person.

de m or f or n (indeclinable)

1. (informal or regional) Relative pronoun: who, whom, to whom.

   Synonym: care

De can replace any form of care in the nominative, accusative and dative case.

• Nominative: omul care a sosit — omul de a sosit (“The man who arrived”)
• Accusative: casa pe care o văd — casa de o văd (“the house which I see”)
• Dative: unul căruia i-am plătit — unul de i-am plătit (“one to whom I paid”)

Genitive constructions cannot be expressed with de.

Replacement of accusative care preceded by a preposition is done with a resumption of the object: filmul la care ne-am uitat — filmul de ne-am uitat la el (“the film we watched”). Stylistically this is much less desirable.

• “de”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader) di, (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) gi

Inherited from Latin diēs.

de m (plural des)

1. (Surmiran) day

• 'e (aphetic)
• d' (apocopic)
• di (Campidanese)

Inherited from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de.

• IPA^(key): /de/

de (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese)

1. Used to indicate possession, after the thing owned and before the owner; of; ’s
2. from
3. by; of; ’s
4. than
5. Used in superlative forms; in; of
6. about; on; concerning
7. Expresses composition; of; made of; in or more often omitted
8. (followed by an infinitive) to or omitted
9. Used in some expressions in a partitive-like function, often without article.

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “de”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

• IPA^(key): /də/
• Hyphenation: de

de

1. Unstressed form of die
2. Unstressed form of ju
3. Unstressed form of do

• Pyt Kramer (1996), Kute Seelter Sproakleere‎^[93], Mildam, page 10

• dhe

From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.

• IPA^(key): /d̥ʲe/, (some speakers; arises from conflation with do) /d̪̊ə/

de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)

1. of
2. off

• Before a word beginning with a vowel or fh, the form de dh' may be used:

  tha gràine de dh'airgead agam ― I have a little bit of money

• In colloquial language and certain set phrases, the reduced form a may be used:

  chan eil càil a dh'fhios aige ― he has no idea

• bhàrr (“down from, from off”)

From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.

de (Cyrillic spelling де)

1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

de ? (Cyrillic spelling де)

1. (Kajkavian, regional) where

• gdje

From French deux, from Middle French deux, from Old French deus, from Latin duōs, masculine accusative plural of duo, from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

de

1. two

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

-de

1. tall

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

• IPA^(key): (after a pause, 'l', 'm', 'n' and 'ñ') /de/ [d̪e]
  • Rhymes: -e
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere) /de/ [ð̞e̞]
  • Rhymes: -e
• IPA^(key): (elsewhere, dialectal, rapid speech) [e̞] (or silent)
  • Rhymes:

• Audio (Peru):

  (file)

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Syllabification: de
• Homophone: dé

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

Inherited from Old Spanish de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁. Cognate with Ladino de.

• d' (archaic, before vowels)
• d (Internet slang)

de

1. of; 's; used after the thing owned and before the owner

   la cola del perro

   the dog’s tail

   • 2024 November 8, Kaitlan Collins, “Batallas desde el patio de Mar-a-Lago: cómo el equipo de Trump compite por los puestos”, in CNN en Español‎^[94], archived from the original on 11 November 2024:

     Esas conversaciones en voz baja se convirtieron ahora en una auténtica batalla que se desarrolla directamente desde el patio del club Mar-a-Lago de Trump en Palm Beach, Florida.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. from (with the source or provenance of or at)

   Soy de España.

   I’m from Spain.

   agua de manantial ― springwater

3. of (expressing composition, substance)

   una mesa de madera ― a wooden table

4. about (concerning; with regard to)

   Synonyms: sobre, acerca de

   Están hablando del pasado.

   They’re talking about the past.

   tratarse de ― to be about; to concern

5. of; from (indicating cause)

   Murió de hambre.

   He died of hunger.

6. of (indicates a quality or characteristic)

   un hombre de fe

   a man of faith

7. from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at)

   Synonym: desde

   el vuelo de Miami a Chicago

   the flight from Miami to Chicago

8. of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective)

   harto de ― sick of; tired of

9. from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)

   Nos protege del frío.

   It protects us from the cold.

10. than (in certain phrases)

    más de ― more than

    menos de ― less than, fewer than

11. used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns)

    campamento de verano

    summer camp

12. (followed by the infinitive) indicates a conditional desire

    De haberlo sabido, no lo habría dicho.

    If I had known, I wouldn't have said it.

13. forms adverbs; indicates a time of day or period of someone's life

    de día ― during the daytime

    de niño ― as a child; during childhood

    (colloquial) de normal ― normally

14. (after a noun and before a verb) indicates the purpose of an object

    Synonym: para

    goma de mascar ― chewing gum

    caña de pescar ― fishing rod

• As a rule, de combines with el to form del. The exceptions to this are titles and other proper nouns, e.g. El Dorado, in which case the contraction must be omitted: de El Dorado.
• May form an all-capital ligature .

• “de”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

From Igbo dị. (Can this⁽⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): /de/, [dɪ̞], [de̝]

de

1. (copula) to be.

de

1. (dated) alternative form of e

From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).

• dom (informal)
• di (informal, dialectal)

• Audio:

  (file)

• (Sweden) IPA^(key): /dɔm/, (formal) /deː/, (dialectal) /diː/, (dialectal) /dɪ/
• Homophone: dem (if pronounced /dɔm/)
• Homophones: det, D, d (if pronounced /deː/.)
• (Finland) IPA^(key): /diː/
• Rhymes: -ɔm, -eː

de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)

1. they

   De ser dem

   They see them

2. misspelling of dem

• In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition.
• /deː/ is not an uncommon pronunciation when read out loud and in songs and the like, but can sound stilted in casual conversation.

de

1. the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.

   de gröna bilarna ― the green cars

• The usage notes for den explain how to express "the [adjective] [noun]."
• The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.

Brittiska öarna

The British Isles

Han har varit inne i Vita huset

He has been inside the White House (where "Han har varit inne i det vita huset" would be expected were "Vita huset" not a proper noun)

While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.

• de här

From the common pronunciation of this word.

• IPA^(key): /deː/
• Homophones: det, D, d

de

1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) pronunciation spelling of det

   Synonyms: d, re

de

1. (colloquial, text messaging, Internet) pronunciation spelling of det

   Synonym: d

• “den”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “den”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “den”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

• e.d., ed

• IPA^(key): [de]

de

1. coordinating conjunction between two nouns: and

   'o 'esa de 'o dea ― mother and father

2. coordinating conjunction between two clauses: and

   'una wigogama de witirine ― he is feverish and he trembles

• Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /de/ [d̪ɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: de

Borrowed from Spanish de (“of”), from Old Spanish de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁, from *de + *-h₁.

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ) (archaic)

1. of

   Synonym: ng

• Now only used in some expressions.

• de-

Borrowed from Spanish de, the Spanish name of the letter D / d.

de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ) (historical)

1. the name of the Latin script letter D/d, in the Abecedario

   Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) di, (in the Abakada alphabet) da

• Panganiban, José Villa (1973), Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles (overall work in Tagalog and English), Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co., page 360

de

1. alternative form of dı

de

1. of

From English day.

de

1. day
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:5:

     Tulait em i kolim “De”, na tudak em i kolim “Nait”. Nait i go pinis na moning i kamapage. Em i de namba wan.

     →New International Version translation

• days of the week: ol de bilong wik (appendix): Mande · Tunde · Trinde · Fonde · Fraide · Sarere · Sande ^[edit]

• Volker, C. A. (general editor), et al. (2008), Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin English Dictionary, Oxford University Press in association with Wantok Niuspepa, →ISBN, page 15

• da (after back vowels)

• IPA^(key): (standard) /dɛ/, [d̪ɛ]
• IPA^(key): (colloquial) /‿dɛ/, [‿d̪ɛ]

From Ottoman Turkish ده (da, de, “conj. also, and, moreover, again”),^[1] from Proto-Turkic *takï (“conj. and”).^[2][3]

de

1. as well, too, also

   Özer de sorunun yanıtını biliyor. ― Özer also knows the answer of the question.

   Berker de bizimle geliyor. ― Berker is coming with us as well.

   Utku da dondurma yemeyi sever. ― Utku likes eating ice cream, too.

2. however

   Herkes iddia ediyor ki boyum uzamış da ben fark etmiyorum. ― Everyone claims that I've gotten taller however I don't really notice it.

• Complies with vowel harmony; takes the form da with vowels "a, ı, o, u" and de with vowels "e, i, ö, ü."
• Although generally linked with the word before in conversations, the Turkish Language Association considers the joined spelling of the word before with "de" as a misspelling.

de

1. second-person singular imperative of demek

de

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

• "Bağlaç Olan da, de’nin Yazılışı" - at TDK Sözlük

de

1. tree

• The Boy from Bundaberg: Studies in Melanesian Linguistics (Andrew Pawley, Malcolm Ross, Darrell T. Tryon; 2001), page 283: "Ufim de"
• ASJP citing McElhanon and Voorhoeve (2004)

de

1. of, from
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:

     Omotof soni, keli onemol Yesusi; om ga olelivükom pöpi de sinods onik.

     She will give birth to a son and you must name him Jesus, because he is the one who is to save his people from their sins.

   • 1937, “‚Johann Martin Schleyer’”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 34:

     De 1852 jü 1855 ästudom in niver tö ‚Freiburg im Breisgau’ Godavi, pükavi, filosopi, jenavi e sanavi.

     From 1852 to 1855 he studied theology, philology, philosophy, history and medicine at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau.

• IPA^(key): /deː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexswos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyghow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.

The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east.^[1] Compare the relationship between cledd (“left”) and gogledd (“north”).

de (feminine singular de, plural de, not comparable)

1. right (opposite of left)
2. south, southern (abbreviation: D)

• Môr y De (“the South Sea”)
• Pegwn y De (“the South Pole”)

de m or f (uncountable)

1. right
2. south
3. (as y De, when in Wales) South Wales

• The noun has masculine gender when used with the sense of "south" and feminine gender when used with the sense "right".

• (antonym(s) of “south”): gogledd
• (antonym(s) of “right”): chwith

• de-ddwyrain (“south-east”)
• de-orllewin (“south-west”)

compass points:  ^[edit]

gogledd-orllewin	gogledd	gogledd-ddwyrain
gorllewin		dwyrain
de-orllewin	de	de-ddwyrain

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

de

1. soft mutation of te

Compare Dutch and Low German de, English the, German der.

de

1. the; definite article

   Ik hâld de boek. ― I'm holding the book.

After one-syllable prepositions ending in a consonant, the variant 'e is used.

• Common singular: de
• Neuter singular: it
• Plural: de

• “de”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngori.

• IPA^(key): /d̪e/

de (possessive prefix ti)

1. first-person singular pronoun, I

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[95], Pacific linguistics

cf. Mohawk ne.

de

1. the

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.

-de

1. tall

de

1. romanization of ᡩᡝ

• IPA^(key): [de]

de

1. expresses frustration

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “de”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[96], Lyon

• دعِ

• IPA^(key): /dè/

dè

1. (transitive) to tie down, to constrain

   Mo dè é lọ́wọ́ àti lẹ́sẹ̀ ― I tied him on both his hands and legs

2. to embroider

   Mo de ọrùn aṣọ náà ― I embroided the neck of the clothes

• de when coming before a direct object

• IPA^(key): /dè/

dè

1. (intransitive) to deputize, to hold a position for someone temporarily

   Ó ń de ipò fún mi ― He was deputizing my position for me

• Usually used with the word ipò (“position”)
• de when coming before a direct object

Cognate with Igala dè.

• IPA^(key): /dè/

dè

1. (transitive) to await, to wait for

   Mo jókòó dè é ― I sat down and waited for him

• de when coming before a direct object noun
• Used as a verb-second element

• IPA^(key): /dé/

dé

1. (intransitive, copulative) to arrive

   A ti dé ― We have arrived

2. (transitive) to attain, to reach a particular point

dé

1. up to, as far as

   Ó gùn títí dé Èkó ― It stretched to as far as Lagos

Cognate with Igala dé.

• IPA^(key): /dé/

dé

1. (transitive) to cover, to wear a hat

de

1. woman

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die.

de

1. the (definite article)

• Masculine: de, d'n (before b, d, t or a vowel)
• Feminine: de
• Neuter: 't
• Plural: de

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Proto-Zhuang-Tai *te.A?”)

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /te˨˦/
• Tone numbers: de¹
• Hyphenation: de

de (Sawndip forms 他 or 𬿇 or 𭶼 or 爹 or 佚 or 𰂡, 1957–1982 spelling de)

1. he, she, it

From Proto-Bantu *-dàì. The expected reflex would be -le, however it was changed due to analogy with its class 8, 9, and 10 forms (zinde, inde, zinde).

-de

1. long
2. tall, high

• -dana
• ubude

-de

1. (auxiliary) always [with participle]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-dé”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-dé”
• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-de”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-de”

de

1. woman

• ǯau
• zau