CS Knowledge Base

R U+0052, R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ← Q [U+0051] Basic Latin S → [U+0053]

• Ꝛ (archaic, rare)

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

R (lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter R):  Ŕŕ  Řř  Ṙṙ  Ŗŗ  Ȑȑ  Ȓȓ  Ṛṛ  Ṝṝ  Ṟṟ  Ɍɍ  Ɽɽ  ᵲ  ᶉ  ɼ  ɾ  ᵳ  Ʀʀ  Ｒｒ

R

1. Abbreviation of ronna-.
2. (currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa.
3. (metrology) Roentgen.
4. (physics) Resistance (in electricity).
5. (organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.

   Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.

6. (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.
7. (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.
8. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant).

   Synonym: S (“sonorant”)

9. (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic archiphoneme, such as the conflation of /r/ and /ɾ/ in certain positions in Spanish.
10. (linguistics) Rising tone.

    Synonyms: (more common) LH; (more specific) LM, MH

11. (finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.
12. The symbol in bases higher than twenty-seven for the number expressed as 27 in decimal.

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

Other representations of R:

NATO phonetic: Romeo Morse code: ·–· Braille: ⠗ ASL Manual: R

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

(Name of letter)

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑː/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

• (General American) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (Ireland) IPA^(key): /ɔːɹ/, /aːɹ/
• (African-American Vernacular) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
• Homophones: ah, or, oar, ore, are, our, hour (in various accents)

R (upper case, lower case r, plural Rs or R's)

1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

R (upper case, lower case r, plural Rs or R's)

1. The eighteenth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

Abbreviations.

R

2. Symbol for reverse (“gear setting”).

   Coordinate terms: P, R, N, D, 2, 1

4. (geometry) Symbol for radius.

   Coordinate term: D (“diameter”)

5. (US politics) Abbreviation of Republican, especially preceding the constituent location.

   Coordinate term: D (“Democrat”)

   R-Texas

7. (monarchy) Abbreviation of Rex (“King”) or Regina (“Queen”), the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name.

   Alternative form: R.

   1. (law) The Crown, the government of a monarchy.

      The English case of R v R [1992] AC 599 ruled that rape can be committed by a husband against his wife.

8. (handbells) Abbreviation of ring.
9. (chess) Abbreviation of rook.
   • 2022, “2023 Laws of Chess”, in FIDE‎^[1], page 23:

     1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. d4 exd4 4. e5 Ne4 5. Qxd4 d5 6. exd6 e.p. Nxd6 7. Bg5 Nc6 8. Qe3+ Be7 9. Nbd2 0-0 10. 0-0-0 Re8 11. Kb1 (=)

   • 2023 August 12, GM Noël Studer, “Mastering Chess Puzzles: The Comprehensive Guide to Effective Problem Solving”, in Next Level Chess‎^[2]:

     The correct answer is 1.Rxf6 Rxf6 2.Rf1 Raf8 3.Qg5 Kg7 4.Nh5+
     Other sub-variations work, such as playing 2.Qg5 then 3.Rf1 or playing 4.Bxf6+ first before playing 5.Nh5+.

10. (baseball, cricket) Abbreviation of run(s); the statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player.
11. (especially in university catalogs) Abbreviation of Thursday.
    • 1986, Cornell University Courses of Study, page 250:

      Lecs, T R 9:05; lab, M T W R or F 1:25—4:25, or M or W 7:30—10:30 p.m.

    • 2000 August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at the University of Waterloo”, in Edmund Burke, Wilhelm Erben, editors, Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III, Springer, published 2001, →ISBN, page 66:

      8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour) […] 8:30-10 TR (2 x 1.5 hours)

    • 2007, W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus for Analysis” (Lamar University course syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al., The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction, Mathematical Association of America (2009), →ISBN, page 201:

      Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.

12. (Philippines) Abbreviation of region, in the sense of the regions of the Philippines.
13. (rhythmic gymnastics) Abbreviation of rotation.

R

1. (film certification) Abbreviation of restricted.
2. Abbreviation of reverse.
3. Abbreviation of right (as opposed to left).

R

1. (religion) Abbreviation of Redactor(s) in the context of the documentary hypothesis, referring to a compiler and editor of the Torah.
   • 2006, David Ringo Miano, Shadow on the steps‎^[3] (dissertation), UC San Diego, page 5:

     One needs to be careful, however, to distinguish between original P and the work of the later priestly Redactor (R), who edited P and other documents in the postexilic period.

2. (computer languages) A programming language for statistics and data visualization.

See I.

R

1. (nonstandard, informal, England) Eye dialect spelling of I.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twelfth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

R (plural R'e, diminutive R'etjie)

1. R

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): [ɾ], [ɾ̞]
• (letter name) IPA^(key): [eɾ̞], [ɾ̞eː], [ɾ̞ɯː]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ere/, [e̞.re̞]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞.rə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈe.rə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈe.re], [ˈer]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [ˈe.ra]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Catalan alphabet, called erra, erre or er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) lletres; A a (À à), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• /ʀ/ is from West Germanic *r. In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and an alveolar, (2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.

• IPA^(key): /ʀ/, /ə̯/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. A letter of the Central Franconian alphabet (German-based), written in the Latin script.
2. A letter of the Central Franconian alphabet (Dutch-based), written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /r/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. A letter of the Central Mazahua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

R

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 𢯎

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet as used in Chinese, written in the Latin script.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of Pinyin, written in the Latin script.

• 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
• The pronunciations above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other contexts (such as English).

R

1. (Internet slang) short for Renminbi

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by Q and followed by S.

See r.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

• “r”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “ro”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German, and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and R for information on the development of the glyph itself.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

• Audio (France (Saint-Maurice-de-Beynost)):

  (file)

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

R

1. (chess) abbreviation of roi (“king”)
   • 2023 April, “Les règles du jeu d’échecs 2023”, in FIDE‎^[4], page 17:

     1.e4 e5 2.Cf3 Cf6 3.d4 exd4 4.e5 Ce4 5.Dxd4 d5 6.exd6e.p. Cxd6 7. Fg5 Cc6 8.De3+ Fe7 9.Cbd2 0-0 10.0-0-0 Te8 11.Rb1 (=)

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• (Latin-script letters) lettre; A a (À à,  â, Æ æ), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, G g, H h, I i (Πî, Ï ï), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n (Ñ ñ), O o (Ô ô, Œ œ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), Z z

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛr/, [ʔɛʁ], [ʔɛɐ̯]
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/, [ʁ], [ɾ], [ɐ̯], [ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

• Audio (Germany):

  (file)

R n (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
  • Before vowels, the variation is mostly between a uvular consonant (fricative, approximant, or rarely trill) and an alveolar consonant (trill, flap, or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g. Vienna).
  • Word-finally and before consonants, most accents may vowelise R to [ɐ̯]~[ə̯], but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and /ə/, where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
  • Before the syllable -en /ən/, many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.

• Zäpfchen-R, Zäpfchen-r
• Zungenspitzen-R, Zungenspitzen-r

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈr]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː] (letter name)

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

• IPA^(key): /ɾ/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
• (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
• (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈɛr.re/
  • Rhymes: -ɛrre
• (phonemic realization) IPA^(key): /r/

R f or m (upper case, lower case r, invariable)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

R

1. (chess) abbreviation of re (“king”)

• (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
• Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• FIDE Laws of Chess 2023 - German translation

From the romanization, which begins with R (R).

• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːβ̞a̠]

R(れいわ) • (Reiwa) 

1. abbreviation of 令和 (Reiwa)

Borrowed from Tagalog R. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English R.

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ʔaɾ/ [ʔʌɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twentieth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016), Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[5] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

• R.

R

1. (especially numismatics) abbreviation of Roma, Rome.
2. abbreviation of Romanus, Roman.
3. abbreviation of Rufus

R

1. (Catholicism) abbreviation of responsorium, responsory, breviary.
2. (Judaism) abbreviation of rabbī
   • 1655, Edward Pococke, באב מוסי: Porta Moſis, ſive, diſſertationes aliqvot à R. Moſe Maimonide, main title

R (plural RR)

1. abbreviation of reverendus, holy, reverend.
2. abbreviation of reverendissimus, most holy, most reverend.

• RR, RP

• “R”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [ɾ]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, Ā ā, B b, C c, Č č, D d, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, Ģ ģ, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, Ķ ķ, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [ar]
• (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA^(key): [r]
• (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA^(key): [(r)]

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛr/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

R m (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14

• IPA^(key): /r/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re or rî and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script; preceded by P and followed by S; traditionally named ruis (“elder”).

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and R for development of the glyph itself.

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The twenty-fifth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ræ/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script; preceded by D and followed by S.

• The Somali alphabet follows the Arabic abjad order.

• (Latin-script letters) ʼ, B b, T t, J j, X x, Kh kh, D d, R r, S s, Sh sh, Dh dh, C c, G g, F f, Q q, K k, L l, M m, N n, W w, H h, Y y, A a, E e, I i, O o, U u

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

R

1. (chess) abbreviation of rey (“king”)
   • 2023 April, “Leyes Del Ajedrez 2023”, in FIDE‎^[6], page 27:

     1.e4 e5 2.Cf3 Cf6 3.d4 exd4 4.e5 Ce4 5.Dxd4 d5 6.exd6 a.p. Cxd6; 7.Ag5 Cc68.De3+ Ae7 9.Cbd2 0-0 10.0-0-0 Te8 11.Rb1(=).

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Borrowed from Spanish R. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English R.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish R.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾ/ [ˈʔaɾ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔeɾe/ [ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -eɾe
  • IPA^(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ] (phoneme)

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. the twentieth letter of the Filipino alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script
2. the fifteenth letter of the Abakada alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script
3. (historical) the twenty-first letter of the Abecedario, called ere and written in the Latin script

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• “R”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a ( â), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i (Πî), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u (Û û), Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩], [zəː˨˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩], [ʐəː˦˩]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩], [ɹəː˨˩]
• Phonetic spelling: e rờ, rờ

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e-rờ or rờ and written in the Latin script.

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • (informal) IPA^(key): /r/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ph and followed by Rh.

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

• R cannot be mutated in Welsh.

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “R”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɾí/

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin)
• (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

R (upper case, lower case r)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z