A voiced bilabial flap is an uncommon non-rhotic flap. It is usually, and perhaps always, an allophone of the labiodental flap, though it is the preferred allophone in a minority of languages such as Banda and some of its neighbors.[citation needed]

In Mono, the sound has been described as follows:

Features

Features of a voiced bilabial flap:

  • Its manner of articulation is flap, which normally means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that the tongue makes very brief contact. In this case, being a non-rhotic consonant, the flap is made with the lower lip.

* Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.

* Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

* It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.

*Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the median–lateral dichotomy does not apply.

* Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Sixian[8] 𤸁苶苶仔 [kʰʲoʲ˥ ŋʲap˨ ŋʲaⱱ̟˨ ɛ˥˧] 'tired'
Mambay[6] vbwah [ⱱ̟wâˁħ] 'fog' Phonemic.
Mangbetu[2] [nɔ́w̆à] 'to refrain' In free variation with labiodental flap
Mono[4] vwa [w̆a] 'send' Contrasts with /v/ and /w/. In free variation with labiodental flap

Notes

  1. ↑ Kenneth S. Olson (2005) The Phonology of Mono, SIL Issue 140
  2. 1 2 Demolin & Teston (1996), p. 105.
  3. ↑ Olson & Hajek (2003), p. 158.
  4. 1 2 Olson (2004), p. 233.
  5. ↑ Olson & Hajek (1999), p. 112.
  6. 1 2 Anonby (2006), pp. 222–224.
  7. ↑ "IPA (SIL) Keyboard Help", help.keyman.com
  8. ↑ "𤸁苶苶仔_四县（台湾）_汀州片_客语_方言_中国汉语言文学网". www.hanwenxue.com. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
  1. ↑ Velar taps and flaps are considered impossible sounds according to the IPA, so an extra-short ⟨w⟩ by definition can only refer to labial articulation. The decision to use ⟨w̆⟩ instead of ⟨b̮⟩, an extra short ⟨b⟩, maintains a graphical parallel with ⟨v̆⟩, the former transcription most commonly used for the voiced labiodental flap.

References

  • Anonby, Erik John (December 2006), "Mambay", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 221–233, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002635, S2CID 232345865
  • Demolin, Didier; Teston, Bernard (1996), "Labiodental Flaps in Mangbetu", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 26 (2): 103–111, JSTOR 44526205
  • International Phonetic Association (2005), "IPA news", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 261–262, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002227, S2CID 232350099
  • Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
  • Olson, Kenneth S; Hajek, John (1999), "The phonetic status of the labial flap", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 29 (2): 101–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006484, S2CID 14438770
  • Olson, Kenneth S; Hajek, John (2003), "Crosslinguistic insights on the labial flap", Linguistic Typology, 7 (2): 157–186, doi:10.1515/lity.2003.014

Further reading

  • Olson and Hajek, 2001. 'The Geographic and Genetic Distribution of the Labial Flap'
  • Olson, Kenneth; Schrag, Brian (2000), "An overview of Mono phonology", in Wolff, H.E.; Gensler, O. (eds.), Proceedings from the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics, Leipzig 1997, Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, pp. 393–409
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap