"Stop Breaking Down" or "Stop Breakin' Down Blues" is a Delta blues song recorded by Robert Johnson in 1937. An "upbeat boogie with a strong chorus line",[1] the lyrics are partly based on Johnson's experience with certain women:[2]
The song shares elements with earlier blues songs and became popular largely through later interpretations by other artists, such as Sonny Boy Williamson I in 1945, the Rolling Stones in 1972. and the White Stripes in 1999.
Recording and composition
Robert Johnson recorded "Stop Breakin' Down Blues" during his last recording session in 1937 in Dallas, Texas. The song is a solo piece with Johnson providing guitar accompaniment to his vocals. Several songs have been identified as "melodic precedents": "Caught Me Wrong Again" (Memphis Minnie, 1936), "Stop Hanging Around" (Buddy Moss, 1935), and "You Got to Move" (Memphis Minnie and Joe McCoy, 1934).[4]
Of his Dallas recordings, it is Johnson's most uptempo song, with "his exhuberant vocal driv[ing] home the story line".[1] Two takes of the song were recorded, both sounding very similar, although Johnson flubbed the opening verse of the second take. Although the song is played in a fretted guitar style, on both takes Johnson added a brief slide coda that comes across "like a little inside joke".[5]
The second take was selected for release on March 20, 1938, with "Honeymoon Blues" as the flip side.[6][7] In 1970, the first take was included on Johnson's King of the Delta Blues Singers, Vol. II album. Both were later included on the 1990 box set The Complete Recordings.[8]
Lawsuit
"Stop Breakin' Down Blues" (along with "Love in Vain") was the subject of a lawsuit regarding the copyright for the song. In 2000, the court held that the songs were not in the public domain and that legal title belonged to the Estate of Robert Johnson and its successors.[7]
Recordings by blues artists
In 1945, Sonny Boy Williamson I adapted the tune as an early Chicago blues with Big Maceo (piano), Tampa Red (guitar), and Charles Sanders (drums).[9] Titled "Stop Breaking Down", the song featured somewhat different lyrics, including the refrain "I don't believe you really really love me, I think you just like the way my music sounds" in place of Johnson's "The stuff I got it gon' bust your brains out, hoo hoo, it'll make you lose your mind". Williamson's song inspired the versions sung "by most postwar Chicago blues artists".[10]
In 1954, Baby Boy Warren recorded it as a Chicago-style blues shuffle, but used most of Johnson's lyrics.[11] Forest City Joe recorded the song in 1959, which was released on a compilation album The Blues Roll On.[12] In the late 1960s, Junior Wells with Buddy Guy recorded "Stop Breaking Down" for the Coming at You Baby (1968) and Southside Blues Jam (1969) albums. Their versions are medleys which incorporate lyrics from "Five Long Years" and Sonny Boy Williamson's "Stop Breaking Down".
The Rolling Stones version
The Rolling Stones recorded "Stop Breaking Down" for their 1972 Exile on Main St. album. They interpreted the song somewhat differently from the earlier versions, with prominent slide guitar work by Mick Taylor and Mick Jagger providing the harmonica and guitar.[13] The Rolling Stones' only live performance of the song (with Robert Cray on slide guitar and lead vocals) is included on their The Rolling Stones: Voodoo Lounge Live concert DVD.
After the release of Exile on Main St., Allen Klein sued the Rolling Stones for breach of settlement because Jagger and Richards had created their version of "Stop Breaking Down" and composed four other songs on the album while they were under contract with his company, ABKCO. ABKCO acquired publishing rights to the songs, giving it a share of the royalties from Exile on Main St., and was able to publish another album of previously released Rolling Stones songs, More Hot Rocks (Big Hits & Fazed Cookies).[14]
The White Stripes version
The White Stripes recorded "Stop Breaking Down" for their 1999 self-titled debut album.[15] Lead vocalist and guitarist Jack White learnt to play the slide guitar from Johnny Walker of the Soledad Brothers.[16] Live performances have been included in deluxe editions of their later albums and B-sides.[17]
AllMusic's Chris Handyside identified their choice as inspired and added that Jack's vocal delivery manages to convey Johnson's sense of desperation.[18]
References
- 1 2 Wald 2004, p. 179.
- ↑ Conforth & Wardlow 2019, p. 215.
- ↑ LaVere 1990, p. 42
- ↑ Wardlow & Komara 1998, p. 206.
- ↑ Wald 2004, p. 180.
- ↑ LaVere 2011, p. 25.
- 1 2 "ABKCO Music v. Stephen LaVere". U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. June 26, 2000. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2010.
- ↑ LaVere 1990, p. 2.
- ↑ RCA Victor 20-3047
- ↑ Palmer 1981, p. 128.
- ↑ Drummond Records 3003
- ↑ Atlantic Records SD 1352
- ↑ Kubernik 2010: According to album recording engineer Andy Johns, "That's why it's [the second guitar part, played by Jagger, is] a little choppier".
- ↑ Goodman 2015, pp. 235–236.
- ↑ The White Stripes (booklet). Sympathy For The Record Industry. 1999.
- ↑ "Soledad Brothers: Band History". SoundClick. Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 6, 2025.
- ↑ NME (September 12, 2005). "White Stripes: Dead Leaves And The Dirty Ground". NME. Archived from the original on May 12, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
- ↑ Handyside, Chris. "The White Stripes – Album review". AllMusic. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
Works cited
- Conforth, Bruce; Wardlow, Gayle Dean (2019). Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-64160-094-1.
- Goodman, Fred (2015). Allen Klein: The Man Who Bailed Out the Beatles, Made the Stones, and Transformed Rock & Roll. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-89686-1.
- Kubernik, Harvey (May 8, 2010). "Engineer Andy Johns discusses the making of the Rolling Stones' "Exile on Main Street'". Goldmine.
- LaVere, Stephen (1990). The Complete Recordings (Box set booklet). Robert Johnson. Columbia Records. OCLC 24547399. C2K 46222.
- LaVere, Stephen (2011). The Centennial Collection (Box set booklet). Robert Johnson. New York City: Columbia Records. OCLC 977691110. 88697859072-11.
- Palmer, Robert (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-006223-8.
- Wald, Elijah (2004). Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues. Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-052427-2.
- Wardlow, Gayle Dean; Komara, Edward M. (1998). Chasin' That Devil Music. Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-552-5.
