Robert David Sanders Novak[a] (February 26, 1931 – August 18, 2009) was an American syndicated columnist, journalist, television personality, author, and conservative political commentator. After working for two newspapers before serving in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, he became a reporter for the Associated Press and then for The Wall Street Journal. He teamed up with Rowland Evans in 1963 to start Inside Report,[1][2] which became the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history and ran in hundreds of papers. They also started the Evans-Novak Political Report, a biweekly newsletter, in 1967.

Novak and Evans played a significant role for CNN after the network's founding. He worked as a television personality in programs such as Capital Gang, Crossfire, and Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields. He also wrote for numerous other publications such as Reader's Digest. He died of a brain tumor on August 18, 2009.

His colleagues nicknamed Novak the "Prince of Darkness",[3] a description that he embraced and later used as a title for his autobiography. He started out with moderate or liberal views, but later served as a voice for American conservatism in his writing and television appearances.

Early life

Novak was born on February 26, 1931, in Joliet, Illinois, the son of Jane Sanders and Maurice Novak, a chemical engineer. His paternal grandparents immigrated from Ukraine, and his mother's family was from Lithuania.[4] Novak's parents were secular Jews who had little interaction with their local Jewish community and rarely attended religious services. Novak suffered from chronic bronchitis through his early childhood, which led his mother to drive him to and from school instead of letting him walk. Because of the constant family attention, his cousins mockingly called him "Baby Jesus". Novak also loved to tease, offend, and shock his family from an early age, and he later compared himself to French rebel Bertran de Born.[5]

Novak's journalism career began when he was in high school as a student-writer for the Joliet Herald-News, his hometown newspaper, and he received ten cents per inch.[5] After high school, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UI) from 1948 to 1952.[6] His father had attended the college, and he later remarked that "I was an Illini from birth".[7] He became a brother of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity, at the time a mostly Jewish college fraternity, while attending the University of Illinois. Novak would later use the group's 'secret handshake' whenever he met fellow alumnus Wolf Blitzer.[8]

He continued gaining journalism experience as a sports writer for the Daily Illini (DI), the college's student newspaper.[9] Novak wrote how his disappointment about not being named the paper's main sports editor for the 1951–52 school year led him to skip his senior classes and to work full time for the Champaign-Urbana Courier. After four years at the University, Novak left it to become a full-time journalist without a degree, even though he was only one course short of the requirements. In 1993 a college Dean determined that four mandatory physical education classes that Novak had gone through for no credit should constitute enough credit hours, and Novak received his bachelor's degree. Novak later described his academic achievements as "very uneven." He spoke at the university's May 1998 commencement, and in his speech he credited the college for bringing him up from working class immigrant status into the American middle class.[7]

During the Korean War, Novak served in the U.S. Army, and he reached the rank of lieutenant. He later stated that he had fully expected to die in the service.[5]

Career

Novak greeting President Gerald Ford in 1975
Novak greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1981
Novak with Mike Garrett and Christopher Cox in 2003
Novak on the set of Crossfire in 2005
Novak discusses his memoir, Prince of Darkness, at Illini Union Bookstore in Champaign, Illinois on September 13, 2007.

After serving from 1952 to 1954, Novak rejoined his fledgling journalism career, joining the Associated Press (AP) as a political correspondent in Omaha, Nebraska. He was transferred to Lincoln, Nebraska, and then to Indianapolis, Indiana, covering the two state legislatures in his reporting.[10] In 1957, Novak was transferred to Washington, D.C., where he reported on Congress. He left the AP to join the D.C. bureau of The Wall Street Journal in 1958, covering the Senate. He rose to the rank of chief congressional correspondent in 1961.[6] He generally did his work without using tape recordings or paper notes, relying just on his detailed memory. Novak's colleagues at The Wall Street Journal later said that he absorbed himself in his work so completely that he often forgot to shave, left his shoes untied, and even started accidentally placing burning cigarettes into his pockets.[5]

In 1963, Novak teamed up with Rowland Evans, a former Congressional correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune, to create the Inside Report, a newspaper column published six times a week.[6] It was also known as Inside Washington.[1] Evans knew Novak slightly as a fellow Capitol Hill journalist when they started. They had contrasting public images, with Novak dressing sloppily and Evans' appearing like a diplomat with a refined manner. Their column mixed standard reporting with their own editorial opinions. It began with muted, mostly centrist views, but their words drifted rightward over time. Novak's experience covering the Six-Day War in the field influenced his beliefs towards Evans' pro-Palestinian sympathies.[5]

The column's factual accuracy has been called into question.[4] Novak stated in his autobiography, "We were so ravenous for exclusive news that we were susceptible to manipulation by leaks, compromising our credibility."[4] Chicago Sun-Times became the "home" paper for Inside Report from 1966 onward. Novak continued the column after Evans's departure on May 15, 1993. Evans died in 2001, and Inside Report ran in over 150 papers at that time through Creators Syndicate.[6] Publication ended after Novak's cancer diagnosis in July 2008. Bloomberg L.P. has stated that the column was a must-read among political insiders,[4] as did The Washingtonian.[5] It was the longest running syndicated political column in U.S. history.[1][11]

In 1967 Evans and Novak set up a biweekly political newsletter called the Evans–Novak Political Report (ENPR). They took a more broad approach in this series compared to their column, focusing on forecast elections and predicting socio-political trends rather than on breaking stories. Regnery Publishing eventually bought ENPR from Novak, but it left editorial control and hiring decisions in Novak's hands. In 2006, Timothy P. Carney of Regnery became Novak's partner in the newsletter. On February 4, 2009, Novak announced he was ending ENPR's publication. This last issue described the implications of Barack Obama's election as President, which the authors labeled a political 'paradigm shift'. Conservative writers such as John Fund, who later worked for The Wall Street Journal, Tim Carney (author of "The Big Ripoff," "Obamanomics"), and David Freddoso, who later worked for National Review Online, started off as contributors to the ENPR.[12]

Novak became a regular panel member of the syndicated show The McLaughlin Group in 1982, starring alongside McLaughlin as well as Novak's friend Jack Germond. Novak sparred frequently with McLaughlin despite the fact that they both held similar political views.

Novak appeared on CNN on its opening week in 1980. His status as a well-known print reporter brought a sense of credibility to the fledgling new network, and Novak soon created a weekly interview show that Evans co-hosted. He established a public image as a combative debater on the program. Novak later became the executive producer of Capital Gang on CNN, which also featured him as a panelist on the show and included his friends Al Hunt and Mark Shields.[13] He also took over as the conservative co-host of Crossfire from Pat Buchanan.[citation needed]

On August 4, 2005, Novak walked off the set during a live broadcast of the show Inside Politics, on which he appeared along with Democratic strategist and analyst James Carville. During a heated discussion about Florida Republican Representative Katherine Harris's just-announced 2006 bid for U.S. Senate, Novak uttered "I think that's bullshit!"[14] after Carville remarked that Novak had "to show these right-wingers that he's got a backbone." As anchor Ed Henry was asking Carville a question, Novak threw off his microphone and stormed off the set.[15] Critics later charged that Novak had done so to avoid discussing recent developments in the Valerie Plame affair on-air. In response to the incident, CNN suspended Novak for one day and apologized to its viewers, calling the outburst "inexcusable and unacceptable."[16]

Novak retired from CNN after 25 years on December 23, 2005, stating that his relationship with the network lasted "longer than most marriages." Novak also said he had "no complaints" about CNN. Fox News had confirmed one week earlier that Novak had signed a contract to do unspecified work for the network. Novak stated that he still would have left CNN even if he had not been suspended in the August incident and did not go to Fox News because the network was more friendly to his point of view. Novak said:

Political views

Novak was a registered Democrat, despite his conservative political views. He held more centrist views in his early career, and he supported the Democratic presidential candidacies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, of whom he was a friend.[50] In later years, he said that he maintained his registered Democratic status so he could vote in District of Columbia Democratic primaries where victory would be tantamount to election.[51] He was also close friends with Everett Dirksen. Novak later stated that reading Whittaker Chambers' book Witness changed his views from moderate-to-liberal to a strident anticommunism.[52] Reading Chambers' message as a U.S. Army lieutenant in the Korean War gave him a feeling of moral absolutism in his cause. Novak's views turned further rightward through the 1970s, but Novak remained strongly critical toward Ronald Reagan and his supply side economics in the early 1980s.[5] Novak changed his mind after debating economics with Reagan face to face, and he later wrote that Reagan was one of the very few politicians that he ever respected.[52]

Novak strongly supported wars in Korea, Vietnam, and Grenada, but he took an anti-interventionist stance after that. He was a hard-line social conservative as well, holding anti-abortion and anti-divorce views.[5] He also generally tended toward low-tax, small-government libertarian views, but he did not always agree with mainstream Republicans; in particular, he opposed the Iraq War.[53] For this reason he has been called a paleoconservative,[54] although this label has been disputed.[55] Novak's political column once stated that he considered every single president in his lifetime to be a failure, with the lone exception of Reagan.[4] After Novak's death on August 18, 2009, Chicago Sun-Times described him as an independent voice.[10] The Daily Telegraph stated that Novak felt "glee" at starting interparty fighting.[1]

In July 2007, Novak expressed support for Ron Paul's bid for the presidency.[56] In the same year, and shortly after the summer publication of Novak's memoirs, he was interviewed by former columnist Bill Steigerwald. Asked of the future of the country, Novak said:

From my standpoint, I see the long Republican realignment ending and going into a period of Democratic supremacy. I think there will be a lot of mistakes and a lot of bad things done. But I do believe the American people are really up to making the best of their politicians. ... When I am given a chance to address college students, I always tell them, "Always love your country but never trust your government." I believe that.[57]

David Frum, writing for National Review, essentially dismissed Novak as a contributor to the modern conservative movement in March 2003.[54] His statement prompted a rejoinder from Novak and defenses by other commentators.[5] Frum then wrote his book The Right Man motivated by what he called "Novak's disregard for truth." Novak attacked Frum again in his autobiography, labeling Frum a "liar" and a "cheat". After Novak's death, Frum wrote on his blog criticizing Novak while also reflecting that "Novak and I were fated always to misunderstand one another."[23]

Religious views

Raised in secular Jewish culture, Novak lived seven decades as an agnostic.[58] He briefly attended Unitarian and then Methodist services at the behest of his first and second wives, but he was not interested in either faith. He particularly disliked the Methodists' anti-Vietnam War position. Novak was introduced to Catholic Christianity in the early 1980s when his friend Jeffrey Bell, a Republican political consultant and former Reagan aide, gave him some books on the Catholic faith. At that time, Novak had nearly died from spinal meningitis.[5]

Novak's wife, Geraldine, began regular churchgoing in the early 1990s and eventually settled on St Patrick's Catholic Church, Washington, D.C. One day she persuaded Novak, who had not attended religious services for nearly 30 years, to join her at Mass. The celebrant was Fr. Peter Vaghi, whom he had known before Vaghi switched from politics to the priesthood. Novak then started to go to Mass regularly and decided to convert a few years later. According to Novak, the turning point came when he visited Syracuse University to lecture. Before he spoke, he was seated at a dinner table near a female student who wore a cross necklace. Novak asked her if she was Catholic and she asked him the same. Novak said he had been going to Mass each Sunday for the last four years, but had not converted. "Mr Novak," the young woman replied, "life is short, but eternity is forever."[58] That brief sentence chilled Novak, who felt the student had channeled the Holy Spirit. When he got home and told Geraldine, they decided it was time to convert. In May 1998, Novak was received into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of 67 and became a Traditionalist Catholic.[59] Geraldine was already a Catholic. Al Hunt, Judy Woodruff, Fred Barnes, Margaret Carlson, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Henry Hyde, and Rick Santorum attended Novak's baptism.[5]

McCloskey was one of the two priests—the other was Vaghi—from whom Novak received instruction in the Catholic faith.[5] Andrew Sullivan claimed that Novak was a member of Opus Dei.[13] John L. Allen Jr., however, in his authoritative study, Opus Dei, wrote that Novak was not a member.[60] Novak felt that his new faith did not influence his personal behavior or his political views, saying, "I'm a Christian now, but I still have some bad traits."[5]

Final years

On July 23, 2008, Novak received a police citation for failing to yield a right of way to an 86-year-old pedestrian, Don Clifford Liljenquist, who was struck by Novak in slow-moving traffic and taken to a hospital, where he was treated for minor injuries. Novak left the scene of the crash, driving approximately one block from the scene before being flagged down by a cyclist who had witnessed the collision and then called police. He said that he was unaware that a collision had occurred until being informed by eyewitnesses. This is likely to be accurate, as it is typical in patients with nondominant (usually right-sided) brain tumors that cause left-sided visual problems (including visual neglect), which Novak had ("I have lost not only left peripheral vision but nearly all my left vision").[61] The pedestrian was taken to George Washington University Hospital and treated for a dislocated shoulder.[61][62][63][64] There were numerous reports from D.C.-area residents that Novak was prone to road rage and had a habit of flipping off motorists; however, he denied that these complaints were true. "I'm 77 years old. I'm not an aggressive driver anymore." he said shortly after the July 23 incident. When asked about his Corvette, Novak replied, "I've been driving them since 1961."[65]

On July 27, 2008, four days after the car accident, Novak was admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, where he was diagnosed with brain cancer. In a written statement given to his publisher, Novak said: "Doctors will soon begin appropriate treatment. I will be suspending my journalistic work for an indefinite but, God willing, not too lengthy period."[66] Physicians often check for brain tumors in patients who did not realize they struck something in a car accident, as this can be a focal neurologic sign.[67] Novak tendered his resignation from his column on August 4, 2008, after revealing that the prognosis on his tumor was considered "dire".[68] Later that month, he began writing new opinion columns for Creators Syndicate.[69]

On February 4, 2009, Novak announced in his newsletter, the Evans-Novak Political Report, that the biweekly newsletter would be coming to an end due to his illness. The newsletter, started four years after the column, had been published continuously since 1967.

Personal life

Novak's first wife was Rosanna Hall; they divorced. In 1962, he married Geraldine Williams, who was a secretary for President Lyndon B. Johnson. Their daughter, Zelda, worked for Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign and for Vice President Dan Quayle. They have a son, Alex, who works as an editor at Regnery Publishing.[13] Although friends with social commentator Michael Novak, Robert Novak was not related.[70]

Novak converted to Catholicism in May 1998 after his wife, Geraldine, did so. He had two children, a daughter and a son.

In his later life, Novak drove a 2002 black Corvette and he had his license suspended several times for speeding. He also participated in a charity car race in Sebring, Florida, which he won. Washingtonian magazine labeled him a "speed freak."[5] Novak was also a passionate fan of basketball, particularly of the Washington Bullets (now Wizards), and the Maryland Terrapins men's basketball team. He was a member of the Terrapins Club booster organization.[10][71] Wolf Blitzer remarked in August 2009, "I always used to see him ... Redskins games, Wizards games, always there."[8]

Novak died on August 18, 2009, at the age of 78, due to complications from a brain tumor. He had returned home to spend his last days with his family after being hospitalized from July 10 to 24.[10] He is interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Publications

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Pronounced /ˈnoʊvæk/.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Robert Novak" (Obituary). The Daily Telegraph. London. August 9, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  2. ↑ The column was also known as Inside Washington.
  3. ↑ Schmich, Mary (August 23, 2009). "Pundit's persona wasn't reality TV". Chicago Tribune. Illinois: Tribune Content Agency. Retrieved June 11, 2022. Novak said that TV was responsible for his right-wing persona. Yes, he'd grown more conservative through the years -- who doesn't, he wondered -- and no, he never said anything on TV that he didn't believe. But abortion? Gay rights? Gun control? As he put it, they weren't high on his agenda, which is why he didn't write about them much. Those issues, however, are the big neon talking points of TV's political agenda.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Arnold, Laurence (August 18, 2009). "Robert Novak, Conservative Columnist, Commentator, Dies at 78". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Matusow, Barbara (June 1, 2003). "The Conversion of Bob Novak". The Washingtonian. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Robert D. Novak biography". Chicago Sun-Times. January 1, 2001. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 Wurth, Julie (August 19, 2009). "Novak enjoyed coming back to UI campus". The News-Gazette. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
  8. 1 2 Kampeas, Ron (August 18, 2009). "Wolf, the Prince of Darkness, and A-E-Pi-Update". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved August 24, 2009.
  9. ↑ Leitch, Will (February 2018). "Newsletter 144: Robert Novak, and Going Back to the Daily Illini". Medium. Retrieved June 11, 2022. ...from 1948–52, he was a sportswriter for the Daily Illini, and he always came back to see the staff when he was in town.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Sweet, Lynn (August 18, 2009). "Sun-Times columnist Robert Novak dead at 78". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on August 20, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  11. 1 2 Novak, Robert (May 15, 2008). "45 Years of Columns". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  12. ↑ Novak, Robert, and Timothy P. Carney. "ENPR: Final Edition" Archived February 8, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Human Events. Posted February 4, 2009. Accessed August 23, 2009
  13. 1 2 3 Sidney Blumenthal (August 11, 2005). "The informer". Salon.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  14. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Robert Novak Storms Off CNN Set". YouTube. August 18, 2009. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  15. ↑ "CNN Transcripts: Inside Politics: Iraq Violence; London Police Vigilant; Republican Spending; Nomination Battle; Future Elections". CNN. August 4, 2005. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  16. ↑ "CNN Suspends Novak After He Walks Off Set". Associated Press. August 4, 2005. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  17. ↑ "'Crossfire' host Robert Novak leaving CNN". Today.com. December 16, 2005. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  18. ↑ Solomon, Deborah (July 15, 2007). "Questions for Robert Novak: The Plame Game". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2007.
  19. ↑ Margolick, David. "What About Novak?". The Hive. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  20. ↑ JCS Speech – Meet the Press Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Joint Chiefs of Staff website. Accessed August 24, 2009.
  21. ↑ Yardley, Jonathan (August 27, 2004). "'Boys on the Bus': Pack Journalism At Unsafe Speeds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  22. ↑ "Laureates by Year – The Lincoln Academy of Illinois". The Lincoln Academy of Illinois. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Prince of Darkness Archived August 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. By David Frum. NewMajority.com Posted August 18, 2009. Accessed August 22, 2009.
  24. ↑ "List of White House 'Enemies' and Memo Submitted by Dean to the Ervin Committee". Archived from the original on June 21, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  25. 1 2 3 Campeas, Ron (August 18, 2009). "Columnist Robert Novak, Israel critic, dies at 78". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  26. ↑ Lee Lescaze. "Letelier Briefcase Opened to Press," The Washington Post. February 17, 1977
  27. 1 2 Jack Anderson and Les Whitten. "Letelier's 'Havana Connection' ", The Washington Post, December 20, 1976
  28. 1 2 Robert Moss, The Letelier Papers. Foreign Report; March 22, 1977
  29. 1 2 Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Letelier Political Fund. The Washington Post; February 16, 1977
  30. ↑ Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Behind the Murder of Letelier. Indianapolis News; March 1, 1977
  31. ↑ Isabel Letelier. "The Revival of Old Lies about Orlando Letelier." The New York Times; November 8, 1980
  32. 1 2 John Nichols (August 18, 2009). "The Complicated Legacy of Robert Novak". The Nation. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  33. ↑ Conason, Joe (August 6, 2001). "Was Hanssen a Spy for the Right Wing, Too?". The New York Observer. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  34. ↑ Parton, Heather Digby (November 4, 2016). "FBI's Clinton smear campaign is no surprise — and has weird echoes of the '90s". Salon. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  35. ↑ Novak, Robert (July 12, 2001). "The Hanssen Mystery". Townhall. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
  36. ↑ Novak, Robert D. (July 14, 2003.) Mission to Niger, Washington Post. Creators Syndicate
  37. ↑ "US CODE: Title 18,793 Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information".
  38. ↑ Carol D. Leonnig and Amy Goldstein (January 25, 2007). "Ex-CIA Official Testifies About Libby's Calls". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
  39. ↑ http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=15988 Archived September 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Human Events
  40. ↑ Novak, Robert (July 12, 2006). "My Role in the Valerie Plame Leak Story". Archived from the original on September 6, 2006. Retrieved September 8, 2006.
  41. ↑ Novak, Robert (September 14, 2006). "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 14, 2006.
  42. 1 2 Matusow, Barbara (December 1, 2008). "An Interview with Robert Novak". Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
  43. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (September 24, 2010). "Red Carpet Spy". The New York Times.
  44. 1 2 3 4 "Why Won't Prominent Republicans Criticize Novak for Anti-Israel Writings?". National Jewish Democratic Council – Archived by the Wayback Machine. April 16, 2007. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  45. ↑ CNN Capital Gang – Transcript. CNN.com Initially broadcast November 24, 2001. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  46. ↑ "Novak's Column on Palestinian Christians". Churches for Middle East Peace. May 25, 2006. Archived from the original on January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "MSN – Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos". www.msn.com.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kansas City Star. "With another disclosure, Novak bedevils the dead" by Steve Kraske. July 28, 2007. The original story is a dead link. An archival copy is available here.
  49. ↑ Columbia Tribune. "A slice of history: Biographers of the late U.S. Sen. Thomas Eagleton of Missouri will find some vivid anecdotes when they comb through his large collection of journals, letters, and transcripts housed in Columbia" by Terry Ganey. August 19, 2007 Archived June 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  50. ↑ Rhoads, Mark (September 11, 2006). "Illinois Hall of Fame: Robert Novak". Illinois Review. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
  51. ↑ McNamara, Patrick (August 2, 2006). "Novak:
    I'm a Registered Democrat
    "    . HumanEvents. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  52. 1 2 Terry Teachout (August 18, 2009). "Robert Novak's Memoir". Commentary. Archived from the original on December 25, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  53. ↑ Novak, Robert D. (July 31, 2007). "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  54. 1 2 Frum, David (March 25, 2003). "Unpatriotic Conservatives". National Review. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  55. ↑ McCarthy, Daniel (March 19, 2013). "Why 'Unpatriotic Conservatives' Couldn't Be Written Today". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  56. ↑ Pfeiffer, Eric (July 31, 2007). "Novak liked the idea of President Paul". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
  57. ↑ Bill Steigerwald (August 18, 2009). "Remembering Robert Novak — Interview". Retrieved August 24, 2009.[dead link]
  58. 1 2 "Catholic convert, political commentator Robert Novak dies" Archived July 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Catholic News Agency, August 19, 2009. Accessed May 1, 2010.
  59. ↑ "Bob Novak, R.I.P. | RealClearPolitics". Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  60. ↑ John L. Allen, Jr. "Q & A on Opus Dei", National Catholic Reporter, December 16, 2005. Accessed May 8, 2010.
  61. 1 2 My Brain Tumor Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine by Robert D. Novak
  62. ↑ Paul Duggan (July 24, 2008). "Novak Cited for Hitting Pedestrian". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
  63. ↑ Paul Duggan (July 25, 2008). "Man Hit by Novak Has Hurt Shoulder but Is 'Doing Fine'". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
  64. ↑ "Robert Novak Announces Immediate Retirement". The New York Times.
  65. ↑ Wojdyla, Ben. "Robert Novak Hits Pedestrian With Corvette, Tries To Flee Scene". Jalopnik. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  66. ↑ Commentator Robert Novak Diagnosed With Brain Tumor Archived August 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal
  67. ↑ Robert Novak Diagnosed With Brain Tumor Associated Press [dead link]
  68. ↑ "Sun-Times political columnist Robert Novak retires". Chicago Sun-Times. August 4, 2008. Archived from the original on August 6, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
  69. ↑ Novak, Robert D. (August 26, 2008). "Avoiding a Lieberman Disaster by Robert D. Novak on Creators.com – A Syndicate Of Talent". Creators Syndicate. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved October 25, 2008. Creators Syndicate is pleased to announce that Robert D. Novak will be writing occasional columns. All his groundbreaking election analysis will be available on creators.com.
  70. ↑ Cousin Bob. By Michael Novak. National Review. Posted August 18, 2008. Accessed October 30, 2008.
  71. ↑ Barnes, Fred (2009). "The Fan: Robert Novak, Terrapin". The Weekly Standard. 14 (47). Archived from the original on August 30, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Novak