A palato-alveolar ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃʼ⟩. In some languages it is phonemically a palatal ejective.
Features
Features of a palato-alveolar ejective affricate:
* Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the tip or blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
* It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
* The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | ҷыгәӡа / ħəguʒa | [tʃʼəɡʷdza] | 'neatly' or 'tidily' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
| Adyghe | кӏако / ḉako | ⓘ | 'short' | ||
| Amharic | ጨረቃ / č̣äräqa | ⓘ | 'moon' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | ճյուղ / č̣yuġ | [t͡ʃʼiʊ̯ʁ] | 'branch' | Corresponds to tenuis [t͡ʃ⁼] in other Eastern dialects. |
| Avar | ворчӀами / vorꞓami | [wort͡ʃʼami] | 'hello' | ||
| Aymara | ch'uspa | [t͡ʃ'uspa] | 'ch'uspa' | ||
| Chechen | чӏара / ç̇ara | [t͡ʃʼɑːrə] | 'fish' | ||
| Georgian | ჭა / ch’a | [t͡ʃʼɑ] | 'well' (noun) | ||
| Hadza | jjabako | [t͡ʃʼabako] | 'rock hyrax' | ||
| Hausa | tshanya | [t͡ʃʼanja] | 'cricket' | Only found in western Hausa dialects. | |
| Kabardian | кӏэ / č̣ʼă | ⓘ | 'tail' | ||
| Keres | shchʼísạ | [ʃtʃʼísḁ] | 'six' | ||
| Laz | ჭრაჭუნირი / ç̌raç̌uniri | [t͡ʃʼrat͡ʃʼuniri] | 'squeaky' | ||
| Lushootseed | č̓uʔ | [t͡ʃʼʉʔ] | 'one' | ||
| Mingrelian | ჭკიჭკიტია / čʼḳičʼḳiṭiɑ | [t͡ʃʼkʼit͡ʃʼkʼitʼia] | 'ant' | ||
| Ossetian | Kudairag | Чъреба | [ˈt͡ʃʼɾebä] | 'Tskhinval' | |
| Q'eqchi' | ch'och' | [t͡ʃʼot͡ʃʼ] | 'earth' | ||
| Quechua | ch'umpi | [t͡ʃʼʊmpɪ] | 'brown' | ||
| Svan | ლენჭყ / lenčʼqʼ | [lɛnt͡ʃʼqʼ] | 'marsh' | ||
| Sechelt | ch'át-lích | [t͡ʃʼat.lɛɪt͡ʃ] | 'Sechelt' | ||
| Tlingit | ch’eed | ⓘ | 'duck' | ||
See also
Notes
- ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
References
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
