Kyotorphin (L-tyrosyl-L-arginine) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain. It was first isolated from bovine brain, by Japanese scientists in 1979.[1] Kyotorphin was named for the site of its discovery, Kyoto, Japan and because of its morphine- (or endorphin-) like analgesic activity. Kyotorphin has an analgesic effect, but it does not interact with the opioid receptors. Instead, it acts by releasing met-enkephalin and stabilizing it from degradation.[2][3] It may also possess properties of neuromediator/neuromodulator. It has been shown that kyotorphin is present in the human cerebrospinal fluid and that its concentration is lower in patients with persistent pain.[4]
References
- ↑ Takagi H, Shiomi H, Ueda H, Amano H (November 1979). "A novel analgesic dipeptide from bovine brain is a possible Met-enkephalin releaser". Nature. 282 (5737): 410–2. Bibcode:1979Natur.282..410T. doi:10.1038/282410a0. PMID 228202.
- ↑ Perazzo, Juliana; Castanho, Miguel A. R. B.; Sá Santos, Sónia (2017). "Pharmacological Potential of the Endogenous Dipeptide Kyotorphin and Selected Derivatives". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 7: 530. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00530. PMC 5226936. PMID 28127286.
- ↑ Ueda, Hiroshi (2021). "Review of Kyotorphin Research: A Mysterious Opioid Analgesic Dipeptide and Its Molecular, Physiological, and Pharmacological Characteristics". Frontiers in Medical Technology. 3 662697. doi:10.3389/fmedt.2021.662697. PMC 8757751. PMID 35047919.
- ↑ Nishimura K, Kaya K, Hazato T, Ueda H, Satoh M, Takagi H (November 1991). "[Kyotorphin like substance in human cerebrospinal fluid of patients with persistent pain]". Masui (in Japanese). 40 (11): 1686–90. PMID 1766121.