Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi[a] (born 25 May 1975) is a Peruvian politician and the president-elect of Peru. The eldest daughter of former president Alberto Fujimori, she is the leading figure of Fujimorism, the conservative political movement associated with her father, and has led its party, Popular Force, since 2010. Fujimori served as First Lady of Peru from 1994 to 2000 and as a member of Congress for Lima from 2006 to 2011. After advancing to the runoff but losing in the 2011, 2016, and 2021 presidential elections, she won the presidency on her fourth attempt in 2026 and is due to take office on 28 July 2026. Fujimori is the first woman to be elected President of Peru.

Born in Lima to Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi, she became First Lady at the age of 19 in 1994, after her father removed her mother from the role during the couple's separation; she held the position until the collapse of his government in 2000. She studied business administration in the United States at Stony Brook and Boston universities and later at Columbia. Fujimori entered electoral politics in 2006, winning a congressional seat with a record number of votes, and in 2010 she took over the party she has led since, later renamed Popular Force.

Fujimori lost each of her first three presidential bids in narrow and polarizing runoffs to Ollanta Humala in 2011, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2016, and Pedro Castillo in 2021. Beginning in 2018, she was prosecuted in connection with the Odebrecht corruption scandal; she spent more than a year in pretrial detention but was not convicted. After narrowly losing the 2021 runoff, she made unsubstantiated claims of electoral fraud that international observers rejected. A second corruption case was dismissed shortly before she launched her successful 2026 campaign, defeating Roberto Sánchez.

Early life and education

Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi[3][4][5] was born on 25 May 1975 in the Jesús María district of Lima.[6][7] A third-generation Peruvian of Japanese descent, she is the eldest of four children of Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. She also has three younger siblings, including Kenji, who later became a congressman.[8][9] The name "Keiko" means “blessed child” in Japanese.[10] Her parents' marriage was subject to constant troubles, and she often mediated between them.[11] She and her siblings attended the Catholic school Colegio Sagrados Corazones Recoleta in Lima.[9][12] According to her biographers, when she was a teenager, she felt pressure to please her father and used publicly funded presidential vehicles, including the presidential jet, for personal events.[13]

Fujimori's father was elected president of Peru in 1990 and governed until 2000. He implemented Plan Verde – an operation to control the media, enact forced sterilizations and to establish a neoliberal economy – after dissolving Congress in a 1992 self-coup.[14][15][16] Keiko Fujimori has denied knowing about the sterilizations when they were happening, and has supported reparations for the victims.[17] She has also said that her father's government was the “best in Peruvian history.”[18][19]

In 1993, after her father's self-coup, Fujimori finished secondary school and moved to the United States, enrolling at Stony Brook University to study business administration.[20] Investigators later alleged that the roughly $918,000 cost of her and her siblings' schooling was paid by her father's intelligence chief, Vladimiro Montesinos, from state intelligence funds (his former secretary said Keiko received some of the money in person) and that, per La Prensa, a foundation in Panama financed her studies at Boston University.[21] She graduated from Boston University in May 1997.[7]

First Lady and early political career (1994–2006)

First lady

Fujimori's studies were interrupted in 1994, when her parents separated after her mother, Susana Higuchi, publicly accused her father of corruption and of having her tortured, prompting him to remove Higuchi from the ceremonial role of First Lady of Peru.[22] Summoned home from Stony Brook, Fujimori assumed the position on 23 August 1994 at the age of 19, becoming the youngest first lady in the Americas.[22][23] Her biographers describe the role as largely ceremonial and say her father chose her for her loyalty.[24] She headed the Foundation for the Children of Peru, a body customarily led by the first lady, and founded a charity providing heart surgery for children with congenital heart defects.[7][25]

At the 1995 inauguration of Brazilian president Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Fujimori first voiced an ambition to become Peru's first woman president, though she said she was reluctant to enter politics, which she felt had disrupted her family and adolescence.[26] Her parents divorced in 1996.[22] Higuchi later alleged that she had been tortured repeatedly during the presidency and that Alberto had ordered Vladimiro Montesinos to kill her, an accusation Montesinos denied.[27] As first lady, Fujimori publicly downplayed her mother's allegations, dismissing the torture claims as a "legend", and was criticised—particularly by the opposition—for failing to defend her.[28][29] She also faced accusations that she had diverted clothing donated by Japanese-Peruvians, in a case that reached the Supreme Court of Peru,[6] and that she had the Government Palace repainted pink.[30] She later reconciled with her mother, who went on to support her presidential campaigns.[31] During these years she grew close to Ana Herz de la Vega, who became a lasting mentor.[32]

In 1998, Fujimori publicly opposed her father's bid for a third term, then considered unconstitutional, saying: "As a daughter, I would prefer that my father rest, but as a citizen, I believe he is what the country requires."[28] She nonetheless campaigned for him in 1995 and 2000, and as the scandal surrounding Montesinos deepened, her father delegated greater responsibilities to her, including the decision to dissolve the Montesinos-controlled National Intelligence Service (SIN).[33] In November 2000, Alberto Fujimori fled to Japan and resigned the presidency amid a sweeping corruption scandal; his daughter urged him instead to return and defend himself in court.[6][34] She left the Government Palace on 21 November 2000, when Congress removed him from office, and—declining her mother's offer to live together—moved in with a paternal aunt.[28]

Education in the United States

After visiting her father in Tokyo in 2001, Fujimori moved to the United States in 2002 to study for a master's in business administration at Columbia University, stepping back from politics, taking a job at General Motors, and focusing on her marriage.[28][35] In 2004 she married Mark Vito Villanella in Lima, in a ceremony officiated by the Archbishop of Lima, Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne, after which the couple returned to New York.[28]

In 2005, Fujimori's father told her he intended to relocate to Chile and campaign for the 2006 general election.[35] He arrived in Santiago on 6 November 2005, but was arrested by Interpol shortly afterward and barred from the race, along with his Sí Cumple coalition.[28][36]

Congress of Peru (2006–2011)

Fujimori in 2010

After her father's 2005 arrest in Chile, Fujimori ended her residency in the United States and returned to Peru to run for office, partly to campaign for his release.[35] With Alberto barred from the 2006 election, his supporters formed the Alliance for the Future (Alianza por el Futuro); Fujimori, then 31 and constitutionally too young to run for president, headed its congressional list for Lima.[28] She was elected with 602,869 votes—the highest total of any candidate nationwide and, at the time, a record for a Peruvian legislator—while the coalition's presidential nominee, Martha Chávez, finished fourth and the alliance won 13 of 120 seats.[37][38] Fujimori attributed her result largely to public gratitude toward her father.[39]

In Congress from 2006 to 2011, Fujimori led the fujimorista bloc as what she called a "constructive opposition" to President Alan García and his APRA party, maintaining a working dialogue that critics linked to lenient treatment of her imprisoned father.[40][28] A low-profile legislator but a prominent spokesperson for the movement, she concentrated on criminal-justice measures, unsuccessfully seeking to reinstate the death penalty for terrorism and other grave crimes and sponsoring tougher sentencing for repeat offenders.[41][42] She introduced about 20 bills over five years, six of which passed, and was criticized for missing some 500 sessions during a term in which she took maternity leave and travelled abroad, including to complete her MBA at Columbia University.[43][42] In 2008, she launched a new party, Force 2011 (later renamed Popular Force), to unify Fujimorismo behind a 2011 presidential bid.[44]

Following her father's extradition from Chile in September 2007, Fujimori organized demonstrations in his support and predicted his acquittal.[28] In April 2009, Peru's Supreme Court convicted him of human rights abuses—including the Barrios Altos massacre and La Cantuta massacre—and sentenced him to 25 years in prison.[45] Fujimori condemned the verdict as an "injustice" and the product of "political and judicial persecution", and vowed to pardon her father if she were elected president.[28][46]

Presidential campaigns

Fujimori ran for president in four consecutive general elections (2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026) and is the only candidate in modern Peruvian history to reach four consecutive presidential runoffs. She lost the first three by narrow margins before defeating Roberto Sánchez in 2026, becoming the first woman elected president of Peru and returning Fujimorism to power 25 years after her father's government collapsed. Her platforms consistently combined hardline security policies with defense of Peru's market-oriented economic model, while her handling of her father's legacy shifted from distance to open embrace.[47][48]

A mural in support of Fujimori during the 2011 general election.

In 2011, running for the newly founded Force 2011, she campaigned on her father's record against terrorism and economic instability while blaming its crimes chiefly on Vladimiro Montesinos and pledging not to pardon him. She placed second in the first round with 23.6% and lost the runoff to Ollanta Humala, 48.66% to 51.34%. The party, renamed Fuerza Popular in 2013, reorganized nationally ahead of a second bid.[49]

In 2016 she made her most explicit break with her father's government, signing a "commitment of honor" against authoritarian practices, endorsing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's findings and again promising no pardon.[50] She won the first round decisively with about 40%, and Popular Force took 73 of 130 congressional seats, but her runoff lead collapsed amid money-laundering allegations against party secretary-general Joaquín Ramírez and renewed anti-Fujimorista mobilization; she lost to Pedro Pablo Kuczynski by roughly 41,000 votes (49.88% to 50.12%).[51]

Fujimori subsequently led the congressional opposition, and in October 2018 was arrested on money-laundering charges over allegedly undeclared Odebrecht contributions to her campaigns, the Cocktails Case, spending intermittent periods in pretrial detention until May 2020.[52]

In 2021, reversing her 2016 pledge, she promised to pardon her father and campaigned on a "heavy hand" against crime. She advanced from the first round with 13.4%, her lowest share, and lost the runoff to Pedro Castillo by roughly 44,000 votes (49.87% to 50.13%). As Castillo's lead emerged she alleged fraud without presenting evidence and sought to annul some 200,000 predominantly rural votes; international observers found the election consistent with international standards,[53] and commentators compared her challenge to Donald Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 U.S. election.[citation needed]

The Constitutional Court annulled her trial in October 2025, and she announced her fourth candidacy days later; the case was dismissed in January 2026.[54] Campaigning under the slogan "Perú con orden" on a hardline security platform amid a national extortion and crime crisis, she won the first round with 17.18% and defeated Sánchez in the 7 June runoff by 49,641 votes out of more than 18 million cast, the outcome decided by overseas voters after a 22-day count. Sánchez refused to recognize the result, alleging irregularities in overseas ballots; electoral authorities and OAS and EU observer missions reported no significant irregularities.[55]

Public and political image

Fujimori is the principal heir to Fujimorism, the movement built around her father's 1990–2000 government. Political scientists characterize that movement as a form of right-wing populism and, in its origins, competitive or electoral authoritarianism.[56][57] Fujimori has presented her own project as continuous with her father's record on the economy and internal security while distancing herself from its human-rights abuses and corruption. Her campaigns have invoked nostalgia for that record while playing down its abuses.[58]

Fujimori supports free-market economics, socially conservative positions, and a hardline approach to crime and public order. During the 2021 campaign she called for governing with a "heavy hand," argued that democracy "cannot be weak," and proposed withdrawing Peru from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.[59][60]

Descriptions of Fujimori's ideological position vary. In the mid-2010s, she was commonly characterized as center-right to right-wing.[61] Media and academic sources have also described her positions as far-right, authoritarian, and populist.[62] Fujimori has rejected the far-right characterization, describing her movement as center-right in contrast to her rival Rafael López Aliaga, whom she has called far-right, while labeling her leftist opponents the "radical left".[63] Analysts have noted a gap between this self-presentation and her conduct in office, particularly Popular Force's use of its congressional majority against successive presidents.[64]

Her repeated electoral success alongside three runoff defeats has been attributed less to personal popularity than to the party's disciplined organization and to anti-Fujimorismo, a durable "negative partisanship" that political scientists identify as one of Peru's most stable electoral forces.[65]

Electoral history

Year Office Type Party Main opponent Party Votes for Fujimori Result
Total % Plc.
2006 Representative for Lima General Alliance for the Future N/a 602,869 14.55 1st Won
2011 President of Peru Force 2011 Ollanta Humala Peru Wins 3,449,595 23.55 2nd Runoff
Runoff 7,490,647 48.55 2nd Lost
2016 General Popular Force Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Peruvians for Change 6,115,073 39.86 1st Runoff
Runoff 8,555,880 49.88 2nd Lost
2021 General Pedro Castillo Free Peru 1,930,762 13.41 2nd Runoff
Runoff 8,792,117 49.87 2nd Lost
2026 General Roberto Sánchez Together for Peru 2,877,678 17.18 1st Runoff
Runoff 9,223,396 50.13 1st Won

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkejko soˈfia fuxiˈmoɾi (x)iˈɣutʃi]; Japanese: 藤森 恵子[1][2], romanized: Fujimori Keiko

References

  1. ↑ "（天声人語）磁力の強い父と娘" (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. 13 April 2016. 地元で聞くと漢字は「藤森恵子」が有力だが
  2. ↑ Alarcón, Sebastián (18 July 2021). "Futbol nikkei: relación futbolística Perú-Japón-Brasil" (in Spanish). Editorial Puskas. Se impuso a su rival, la abanderada de Fuerza Popular, Keiko Fujimori (藤森 恵子), quien impugnó hasta lo imposible para revertir una ventaja ínfima.
  3. ↑ "The Asian Who Won Peru", Asiaweek, Volume 16, p. 27 (1990): "His four children have both Japanese and Spanish Christian names".
  4. ↑ Kimura, Rei. Alberto Fujimori; el presidente que se atrevió a sonar, p. 44 (Ediciones Felou, 2005): "Fue extraño que Fujimori hubiera puesto nombres japoneses a todos sus hijos...."
  5. ↑ Kimura, Rei. Alberto Fujimori of Peru, p. 45 (Bangkok Book House, 2017).
  6. 1 2 3 Salvador, Susana (28 January 2016). "Keiko quer afastar a sombra do apelido Fujimori e chegar à presidência". dn.pt (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 "Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi". Jurado Nacional de Elecciones (Perú) (in Spanish). Infogob. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  8. ↑ "Alberto Fujimori profile: Deeply divisive Peruvian leader". BBC News. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  9. 1 2 Crespo, Silvia (14 April 2016). "Memorias de una Recoletana". Caretas (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  10. ↑ "Dynasty daughter Keiko Fujimori wins Peru presidency on fourth go", Japan Times (30 Jun 2026).
  11. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, p. 21.
  12. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, p. 15.
  13. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 29–31.
  14. ↑ Schulte-Bockholt, Alfredo (2006). "Chapter 5: Elites, Cocaine, and Power in Colombia and Peru". The politics of organized crime and the organized crime of politics: a study in criminal power. Lexington Books. pp. 114–118. ISBN 978-0-7391-1358-5. important members of the officer corps, particularly within the army, had been contemplating a military coup and the establishment of an authoritarian regime, or a so-called directed democracy. The project was known as 'Plan Verde', the Green Plan. ... Fujimori essentially adopted the Green Plan and the military became a partner in the regime. ... The self-coup, of April 5, 1992, dissolved the Congress and the country's constitution and allowed for the implementation of the most important components of the Green Plan
  15. ↑ Burt, Jo-Marie (September–October 1998). "Unsettled accounts: militarization and memory in postwar Peru". NACLA Report on the Americas. 32 (2). Taylor & Francis: 35–41. doi:10.1080/10714839.1998.11725657. the military's growing frustration over the limitations placed upon its counterinsurgency operations by democratic institutions, coupled with the growing inability of civilian politicians to deal with the spiraling economic crisis and the expansion of the Shining Path, prompted a group of military officers to devise a coup plan in the late 1980s. The plan called for the dissolution of Peru's civilian government, military control over the state, and total elimination of armed opposition groups. The plan, developed in a series of documents known as the "Plan Verde", outlined a strategy for carrying out a military coup in which the armed forces would govern for 15 to 20 years and radically restructure state-society relations along neoliberal lines.
  16. ↑ Gaussens, Pierre (2020). "The forced serilization of indigenous population in Mexico in the 1990s". Canadian Journal of Bioethics. 3 (3): 180+. doi:10.7202/1073797ar. S2CID 234586692. a government plan, developed by the Peruvian army between 1989 and 1990s to deal with the Shining Path insurrection, later known as the 'Green Plan', whose (unpublished) text expresses in explicit terms a genocidal intention
  17. ↑ Marty Makary (2024). Blind Spots: When Medicine Gets It Wrong, and What It Means for Our Health. Bonnier Group. When his daughter Keiko Fujimori ran for president in 2026, it was a major issue for her campaign. Tens of thousands of women demonstrated in protest. She claims she was unaware of the sterilization campaign and believed in reparations payment for these women, but she failed to convince the people and lost the election....We must never underestimate the potential for medical paternalism to escalate to crimes against humanity.
  18. ↑ Burt, Jo-Marie; Youngers, Coletta (26 May 2011). "Peru Elections Near: A Look at the Candidates". Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA). Archived from the original on 17 July 2011.
  19. ↑ Sanchez-Sibony, O. (2012). "The 2011 presidential election in Peru: a thorny moral and political dilemma". Contemporary Politics. 18: 109–126.
  20. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori pagaba estudios al "cash"" (in Spanish). La República. 30 May 2009. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
  21. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 45–46.
  22. 1 2 3 "Former Peruvian agent backs Fujimori's ex-wife on torture allegations". Associated Press. 24 February 2002. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  23. ↑ Reyes, Víctor (14 July 2017). "La historia de las primeras damas del Perú en el siglo XXI". RPP (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  24. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, p. 26.
  25. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori admite que carece de una experiencia laboral sólida". La República (in Spanish). 15 December 2015. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  26. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 60–61.
  27. ↑ "Fujimori's Ex-Wife Says He Ordered Her Killed". Lima, Peru: Fox News. Associated Press. 29 July 2001. Archived from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ortiz de Zárate, Roberto (6 June 2016). "Keiko Fujimori Higuchi". Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  29. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori calificó de "leyenda" la denuncia de torturas a su madre". La República. 17 January 2016. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  30. ↑ "Keiko pintó Palacio de Gobierno de color rosado". rppc.lamula.pe (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  31. ↑ Ortíz de Zarate, Roberto (24 March 2016). "Keiko Fujimori Higuchi". cidob.org. Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  32. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 70–77.
  33. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 62–63.
  34. ↑ "La huida de Fujimori duró 81 meses" (in Spanish). El Periódico de Catalunya. Agence France-Presse. 22 September 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  35. 1 2 3 Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 64–65.
  36. ↑ "Candidata Fujimori 'jura' que não anistiará pai se eleita". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  37. ↑ "Los más votados en estas elecciones y las votaciones históricas de los últimos 20 años". El Comercio (in Spanish). 29 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "Elecciones Presidenciales, Congresales y de Parlamento Andino Perú 2006". ONPE. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  39. ↑ Forero, Juan (9 April 2006). "Fujimori's Daughter Polishes Her Jailed Father's Image on the Road to Congress in Peru". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  40. ↑ Vásquez de Velasco et al. 2020, pp. 66–68.
  41. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori: "Ha llegado el momento de evaluar la pena de muerte"". El Comercio (in Spanish). 2011. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  42. 1 2 "Keiko se ausentó 500 días del Congreso". La República. 9 September 2017. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  43. ↑ "Los cuatro momentos políticos de Keiko Fujimori". El Espectador (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  44. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 July 2026. Retrieved 2 July 2026.
  45. ↑ "Alberto Fujimori". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2026.
  46. ↑ "Passado familiar pauta a campanha da conservadora Keiko Fujimori, no Peru". R7 (in Portuguese). 3 June 2012. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  47. ↑ Taj, Mitra; Glatsky, Genevieve (29 June 2026). "Peru's Presidential Vote Gives the Right in Latin America Another Win". The New York Times.
  48. ↑ "Peru Election 2026: Key Candidates, Issues, and Concerns". Center for Economic and Policy Research. June 2026.
  49. ↑ "Elecciones Generales 2011 Segunda Elección Presidencial" (in Spanish). ONPE. 15 June 2011.
  50. ↑ "Peru's Fujimori signs pledge to avoid authoritarian ways of father". Reuters. 4 April 2016.
  51. ↑ "Após apuração de 100% dos votos no Peru, Kuczynski conquista 50,12%" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Radio France Internationale. 9 June 2016.
  52. ↑ "La detención de Keiko Fujimori, un nuevo golpe al fujimorismo". The New York Times (in Spanish). 10 October 2018.
  53. ↑ Collyns, Dan (8 June 2021). "Peru elections: Fujimori's fraud claims criticised as rival's narrow lead widens". The Guardian.
  54. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori: Juez ejecuta fallo del Tribunal Constitucional y archiva proceso por Caso Cocteles". El Comercio (in Spanish). 13 January 2026.
  55. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori wins Peru's presidency as the full count confirms her by 49,641 votes". MercoPress. 30 June 2026.
  56. ↑ Levitsky, Steven (1999). "Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Peru". Journal of Democracy. 10 (3): 78–92.
  57. ↑ Carrión, Julio F. (2022). A Dynamic Theory of Populism in Power: The Andes in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 40, 44. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197572290.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-757229-0.
  58. ↑ Dargent, Eduardo; Muñoz, Paula (2016). "Peru: A Close Win for Continuity". Journal of Democracy. 27 (4): 145–158.
  59. ↑ "'Mano dura', el plan de gobierno de Keiko Fujimori para Perú". Chicago Tribune (in Spanish). 25 January 2021. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  60. ↑ Calderón, Camila (27 January 2026). "Keiko Fujimori plantea salir de la Corte IDH "y solicitar el reingreso, pero con candados": ¿es posible?". Infobae (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 May 2026. Retrieved 15 June 2026.
  61. ↑ Multiple sources:
  62. ↑ Multiple sources:
  63. ↑ "Keiko Fujimori: Somos de centro derecha y López Aliaga de extrema derecha". La República (in Spanish). 28 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  64. ↑ Taj, Mitra (6 June 2026). "From first lady to president? Inside the rise of Peru's Keiko Fujimori". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  65. ↑ Meléndez, Carlos (2019). El mal menor: vínculos políticos en el Perú posterior al colapso del sistema de partidos (in Spanish). Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori