123/b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are approximants[β̞,ð̞,ɣ̞] (frequently represented without the undertacks) except after a pause, a nasal, or, for /d/, [l], where they are stops [b,d,ɡ].
12The alveolar sibilants [s,z] are realized as laminal in some dialects, much like the ordinary alveolar sibilants found in French, German, Mandarin Chinese as well as the Slavic languages (Regueira (1996:82) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFRegueira1996 (help)).
↑In some dialects, /ɡ/ is spirantized to [ħ~ʕ] or [h~ɦ] in a phonological process known as gheada. For simplicity, this process is represented here with [ħ] only.
↑Voiced sibilants like /z/ and /ʒ/ are typically present in the Lower Limia area (Fernández Rei 1991:193).
↑/x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and hispanicized names like kharxa, Bach, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
↑There are only three unstressed word-final vowels in Galician: [ɐ,ɪ,ʊ]. The first one is phonemically /a/, whereas the other two vowels are a result of the neutralizations of, respectively, the non-open front vowels /ɛ–e–i/ and the non-open back vowels /ɔ–o–u/. This neutralization also applies to unstressed monosyllabic words; for instance, the article o is pronounced [ʊ]. In some cases, vowels from the final unstressed set appear in other positions, as e.g. in the word termonuclear[ˌtɛɾmʊnukleˈaɾ], because the prefix termo- is pronounced [ˈtɛɾmʊ] (Freixeiro Mato (2006:112), Regueira (2010:13–14, 21)).
References
Freixeiro Mato, Xosé Ramón (2006), Gramática da lingua galega (in Galician) (2ed.), Vigo: Edicións A Nosa Terra, ISBN9788483410608