Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne.[1] He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.

The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic][2] was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

Creations

First creation (1665)

Arms of Cavendish, Sable three bucks' heads cabossed argent, a crescent for difference.[3]

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was a son of Charles Cavendish, himself the third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the 1st Earl of Devonshire (see Duke of Devonshire for further history about this branch of the family).

The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. William Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield in 1620, and in 1621, he was created Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Baron Cavendish of Bolsover. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title for the dukedom, to be used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent.

Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into abeyance between the second duke's four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish).

Second creation (1694)

Arms of Holles, Ermine, two piles in point sable.[4]

The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish (1661–1717), married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare, who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles, who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician, Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire, in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire.

His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.

Third creation (1715) and Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle and Prime Minister of Great Britain

The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (died 1700), married Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (see Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family). Their elder son Thomas, upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname and arms of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Haughton and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, with like special remainder. These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain.

In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic] with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. (For the history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see Earl of Lincoln.) The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham baronetcy (of Laughton) and the barony of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, Thomas Pelham. (For the history of these titles, see Earl of Chichester.)

Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the Portland (Welbeck) and Newcastle (Clumber) collections at the University of Nottingham's Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections.

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)

also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and Baron Ogle (1461)

Earls of Clare (1624)

also Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)

also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)

also Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
  • Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1693–1768), Prime Minister twice, a nephew of John Holles (above). He died without male issue. At this point, his father's baronetcy and barony of 1706, his own earldom and the dukedom of 1715 became extinct.

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
see also Earl of Lincoln

Principal seats and abodes

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Gentleman's Magazine:
Map of London & Environs, 1764

England

Clumber Park
  • Clumber Park, also known as Clumber Park Lodge, spanning Clumber and Worksop, Nottinghamshire, from 1709 until 1938, when the house was demolished.
  • Boyton Manor, Wiltshire, bought in the 1950s and sold about 1980.
  • Newcastle House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, briefly in the 18th century.[5]
  • Claremont, Esher, north Surrey, from 1714 to 1768.
  • A house on part of the site of the dismantled Nottingham Castle, which was on the rejection of "the Reform Bill" by the Lords set on fire by a mob, at which time it had for many years been divided into separate dwellings.[6]
  • The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of Deepdene House, Dorking, Surrey, which was sold by the 8th Duke.

London residences

Newcastle House, March 2017

In 1705 John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle purchased Powis House in Lincoln's Inn Fields for £7,500;[7] the house was subsequently renamed Newcastle House, and the building has since retained this name. Following the Duke's death in 1711 the house was inherited by his nephew, Thomas Pelham-Holles, who was also made Duke of Newcastle in 1715.[7] Following the Duke's death in 1768 his widow Harriet Pelham-Holles, Duchess of Newcastle continued to live at Newcastle House until 1771.[7]

In 1801 Anna Maria, Dowager Duchess of Newcastle (widow of Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle) leased No. 39 Charles Street, Mayfair;[8] her son Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle came of age in 1806 and continued to occupy the house, where his son Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle was born in 1811.[9]

The London residence of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle and his successor Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle was No. 20 Portman Square from c. 1820 until c. 1863.[10][11][12] In late 1863 the 5th Duke commissioned Sir Samuel Morton Peto to construct a large new house on the eastern end of Carlton House Terrace,[13] which was later given the Number 18.[14] Following the death of the 5th Duke in 1864, his son Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle inherited a life interest in the lease of No. 18 Carlton House Terrace; this was later claimed by his father's trustees when the 6th Duke was declared to be a bankrupt in 1871.[15] At the time of the 6th Duke's death in 1879 his London residence was at the Park Hotel, No. 10 Park Place, St James's Street.[16][17][18]

He was succeeded by his fourteen-year-old son Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle; his wife remarried just over a year after his death to Thomas Hohler, and the widowed Duchess, her new husband, and her young children lived at No. 30 Wilton Crescent,[19][20] which continued to be the Dowager Duchess' London residence until c. 1885.[21][22]

In November 1883 the young 7th Duke took a 12-month lease of No. 14 Westbourne Street, Paddington.[23][22] By July 1888 he had rented an apartment in Cliveden Chambers, No. 104 Mount Street, Mayfair;[24] following his marriage to Kathleen Candy in 1889, the Duke and Duchess initially used the Mount Street apartment as their London home until c. 1890. In early 1891 the 7th Duke purchased the lease of No. 11 Hill Street, Mayfair.[25][26] This continued to be their London residence until Duke sold the leasehold of 11 Hill Street to Charles Ansell for £45,000 in early 1902.[27][28][29] In January 1909 he rented an apartment in Berkeley House,[30] Hay Hill in Mayfair, which remained as his town residence until his death in May 1928.[31]

Wales

Hafod Uchtryd
  • One duke bought the retreat of Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, Radnorshire, from Sir Robert Peel. It had been sold off by 1849.[32]
  • The heirs of Thomas Johnes (died 1816) sold Hafod Uchtryd, in Cardiganshire, together with its estate on the Ystwith, to the 4th Duke. The process of sale took from 1831 until 1833, and the price was £70,000. The Duke spent £20,000 on the property, including adding the Havod Arms Inn, four miles from the house in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn. In 1846, he sold the estate for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton.[33][34][35]

Ireland

Family tree

Other notable descendants (last creation)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newcastle, Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 470–471.
  2. ↑ Despite the name of the town being Newcastle-under-Lyme with an "m", the dukedom was created as Lyne with an "n". There is no known satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy, which may have been an error. If it was an error, however, that error has perpetuated itself in numerous sources, including peerage catalogues.
  3. ↑ Burke, Bernard (1884). The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. London: Harrison & sons. p. 178.
  4. ↑ Burke, Bernard (1884). The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. London: Harrison & sons. p. 500.
  5. ↑ 'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 129-170, at British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  6. ↑ 'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 446-461, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 Riley, W. Edward; Gomme, Laurence, eds. (1912). "Lincoln's Inn Fields: Nos. 66 and 67 (Newcastle House)". Survey of London. Vol. 3: St Giles-in-The-Fields, Pt I: Lincoln's Inn Fields. London: London County Council. pp. 110–118. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via British History Online.
  8. ↑ "Duchess of Newcastle - House in Charles Street, Berkeley Square". The Morning Post. 8 December 1801. p. 3. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ Ward, John M. (1974). "Newcastle-under-Lyme, fifth Duke of (1811–1864)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  10. ↑ "The Bishops' vote on the Reform Bill". Cambridge Chronicle and University Journal, Isle of Ely Herald and Huntingdonshire Gazette. 14 October 1831. p. 2. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "20 Portman Square". The Observer. 31 May 1914. p. 6. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "Secretary of State for the Colonies: Duke of Newcastle, 20 Portman Square". Lake's Falmouth Packet and Cornwall Advertiser. 20 December 1862. p. 5. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ Brindle, Steven (3 November 2024). "London's Lost Interiors: Inside the houses of the capital's plutocrats in the days when money was literally no object". Country Life. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  14. ↑ Dakers, Caroline, ed. (2025). Millionaire Shopping: The collections of Alfred Morrison, 1821–1897 (PDF). London: UCL Press. p. 76. doi:10.14324/111.9781800089013. ISBN 9781800089013. Retrieved 7 July 2026.
  15. ↑ "Court of Bankruptcy: In Re The Duke of Newcastle". The Times. 27 January 1871. p. 12. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ↑ "7th Duke of Newcastle's Will". The Illustrated London News. 17 May 1879. p. 22. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ "Notice to Creditors - Estate of the 6th Duke of Newcastle". The Times. 19 May 1879. p. 17. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ Cokayne, George Edward (1895). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Vol. 6. p. 27. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Internet Archive.
  19. ↑ "Duchess of Newcastle, 30 Wilton Crescent". The Morning Post. 26 April 1876. p. 5. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ "Endless scandals of the Pelham-Clintons". The Philadelphia Times. 30 July 1882. p. 4. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ "Duchess of Newcastle arrives at 30 Wilton Crescent". The Morning Post. 8 May 1885. p. 5. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. 1 2 Mair, Robert Henry, ed. (1884). Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage (101st ed.). London: Dean and Son. p. 510. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Internet Archive.
  23. ↑ "Duke of Newcastle - house in Westbourne Street". Evening Post. 4 December 1883. p. 2. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Letter to the Editor - 7th Duke of Newcastle". The Derby Mercury. 25 July 1888. p. 7. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ "Duke and Duchess of Newcastle - 11 Hill Street". The Morning Post. 10 February 1891. p. 5. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Duke and Duchess of Newcastle - new purchase in Hill Street". Sheffield and Rotherham Independent. 6 May 1891. p. 5. Retrieved 7 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ "A Mayfair Palace". The Daily Telegraph. 23 December 1907. p. 16. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "The Duke of Newcastle — 11 Hill Street". The Times. 26 October 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ "Duke of Newcastle — sold 11 Hill Street, rents Runnymead House near Windsor". The Daily Graphic. 28 June 1902. p. 10. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Duke of Newcastle – Flat in Berkeley House, Hay Hill". Evening Post. 22 January 1909. p. 4. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ↑ "Obituary – Duke of Newcastle". Swindon Advertiser. 30 May 1928. p. 3. Retrieved 3 July 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 317-320, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  33. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 158-180, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  34. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 320-328, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  35. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 129-147, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  36. ↑ Burke's Peerage, vol. 2 (2003), p. 2337
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Newcastle