The 1904 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14[1] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Following the Panic of 1893 and the Populist movement, Michigan would turn from a competitive Republican-leaning state into a rigidly one-party polity dominated by the Republican Party.[2] The dominance of the culture of the Lower Peninsula by anti-slavery Yankees[3] would be augmented by the turn of formerly Democratic-leaning German Catholics away from that party as a result of the remodelled party's agrarian and free silver sympathies, which became rigidly opposed by both the upper class and workers who followed them.[4] The state Democratic Party was further crippled financially by the fact that the Populist movement had severed its ties with business and commerce in Michigan as in other Northern states.[5] A brief turn of the strongly evangelical Cabinet Counties toward the Populist movement in the 1896 United States presidential election would reverse itself following the return to prosperity under President William McKinley, so that these joined in Republican hegemony until the Great Depression.

In the 1894 elections, the Democratic Party lost all but one seat in the Michigan legislature,[6] and the party would only make minor gains there for the next third of a century. Unlike the other states of the Upper Midwest, the Yankee influence on the culture of the Lower Peninsula was so strong that left-wing third parties did not provide significant opposition to the Republicans, nor was there more than a moderate degree of coordinated factionalism within the hegemonic Michigan Republican Party.[7]

Although Michigan's few Democrats had cast their vote for the eventual nominee Alton B. Parker, they ultimately did nothing to campaign for him during his fall campaign, as polls consistently showed that Michigan would vote overwhelmingly Republican.[8] Incumbent Republican Theodore Roosevelt did briefly visit the state during his campaign, but did no extensive work because the state was believed so safe.[9] Predictions of a Roosevelt margin of 200,000 were conservative as in the end he defeated Parker by over 227,000 votes.

Roosevelt became the first presidential candidate to win all 83 of Michigan's counties, and furthermore carried them all by double digits; his lowest vote share in any county was 56.95 percent in Monroe County. Parker broke forty percent only in Monroe County and thirty percent in just fourteen counties. In most of the sparsely populated Upper Peninsula, Roosevelt carried over eighty percent of the vote, and in two counties even exceeded ninety percent.

Results

General Election Results[10]
Party Pledged to Elector Votes
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Phillip H. McMillan 364,957
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Homer E. Buck 361,805
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Robert B. Loomis 361,741
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Edward G. McPherson 361,722
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Whitman E. Clark 361,673
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Edgar Rexford 361,673
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Frank E. Knappeu 361,660
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt William M. Smith 361,587
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt John F. Wallace 361,559
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Harland B. Dudley 361,536
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Edgar B. Foss 361,526
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Albert B. Cogger 361,417
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Otto C. Davidson 361,401
Republican Party Theodore Roosevelt Henry M. Duffield 361,212
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Thomas F. Carroll 135,392
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Joseph L. Hudson 134,284
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Gilbert M. Stark 134,151
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Samuel Folz 134,112
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Samuel W. Beakes 134,101
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Peter Doran 134,085
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Frank W. Hubbard 134,085
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Frank H. Carroll 134,074
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Horace N. Montague 134,060
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Leon D. Case 134,045
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Antoine E. Cartier 134,041
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Charles L. Smyth 134,027
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker Walter F. Newberry 134,013
Democratic Party Alton B. Parker John Power 133,909
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Samuel Dickie 13,441
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Charles P. Russell 13,348
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow David S. Warner 13,328
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Myron S. Mead 13,319
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Frank Taft 13,318
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Henry H. Moore 13,316
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Daniel M. Christian 13,312
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow John F. Harper 13,312
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Henry G. Coleman 13,311
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Louis R. Russell 13,310
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Gedeon Vivier 13,308
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow John M. Deakins 13,307
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow James W. Case 13,304
Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow Julian S. West 13,302
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs John W. Wright 9,042
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Henry E. Allen 8,952
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Albert L. Heath 8,944
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Cyrus L. Shaw 8,943
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs William G. Welsh 8,942
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs John Santry 8,941
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Edward L. Card 8,940
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Otis M. Southworth 8,938
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Hugh R. Jenkins 8,936
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Abraham N. Mohr 8,936
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Joseph La Barge 8,933
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Ollie Kirchen 8,931
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Joseph Boustead 8,927
Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs Henry A. Ramsey 8,906
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Henry C. Grece 1,159
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Daniel C. Wachs 1,157
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Edwin Cox 1,155
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Frank Emerson Powers 1,154
People's Party Thomas E. Watson James E. Stewart 1,153
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Daniel Thompson 1,153
People's Party Thomas E. Watson John A. Corner 1,152
People's Party Thomas E. Watson James M. Houghton 1,152
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Alexander Little 1,152
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Le Roy E. Lockwood 1,152
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Henry H. Long 1,152
People's Party Thomas E. Watson Albert E. Beebe 1,151
People's Party Thomas E. Watson John M. Harris 1,108
People's Party Thomas E. Watson John P. Terry 1,061
Socialist Labor Party Charles H. Corregan Edward Bauer 1,036
Socialist Labor Party Charles H. Corregan Elizabertus Smith 1,010
Votes cast[a] 525,027

Results by county

The results below are those for the highest elector on each ticket. The results listed in the 1905-1906 Michigan Manual are a "general average" for each ticket and thus not the "true" results.

County[10][11] Theodore Roosevelt
Republican		 Alton B. Parker
Democratic		 Silas C. Swallow
Prohibition		 Eugene V. Debs
Socialist		 Thomas E. Watson
Populist		 Charles H. Corregan
Socialist Labor		 Margin Total votes cast[a]
# % # % # % # % # % # % # %
Alcona 903 87.08% 93 8.97% 21 2.03% 20 1.93% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 810 78.11% 1,037
Alger 1,085 81.46% 204 15.32% 10 0.75% 27 2.03% 4 0.30% 2 0.15% 881 66.14% 1,332
Allegan 5,618 73.78% 1,599 21.00% 285 3.74% 77 1.01% 31 0.41% 5 0.07% 4,019 52.78% 7,615
Alpena 2,539 69.73% 902 24.77% 31 0.85% 147 4.04% 7 0.19% 15 0.41% 1,637 44.96% 3,641
Antrim 2,632 82.98% 435 13.71% 87 2.74% 13 0.41% 5 0.16% 0 0.00% 2,197 69.26% 3,172
Arenac 1,386 68.89% 458 22.76% 93 4.62% 67 3.33% 6 0.30% 2 0.10% 928 46.12% 2,012
Baraga 565 73.19% 186 24.09% 11 1.42% 4 0.52% 2 0.26% 4 0.52% 379 49.09% 772
Barry 3,703 63.18% 1,823 31.10% 279 4.76% 40 0.68% 9 0.15% 7 0.12% 1,880 32.08% 5,861
Bay 7,627 68.27% 3,147 28.17% 245 2.19% 77 0.69% 23 0.21% 53 0.47% 4,480 40.10% 11,172
Benzie 1,591 74.14% 296 13.79% 215 10.02% 35 1.63% 5 0.23% 4 0.19% 1,295 60.34% 2,146
Berrien 7,330 62.96% 3,827 32.87% 210 1.80% 222 1.91% 31 0.27% 22 0.19% 3,503 30.09% 11,642
Branch 4,388 69.66% 1,605 25.48% 176 2.79% 59 0.94% 59 0.94% 12 0.19% 2,783 44.18% 6,299
Calhoun 7,539 64.54% 3,102 26.55% 312 2.67% 639 5.47% 35 0.30% 55 0.47% 4,437 37.98% 11,682
Cass 3,160 57.62% 1,938 35.34% 216 3.94% 140 2.55% 24 0.44% 6 0.11% 1,222 22.28% 5,484
Charlevoix 2,779 81.28% 473 13.83% 97 2.84% 59 1.73% 6 0.18% 5 0.15% 2,306 67.45% 3,419
Cheboygan 2,590 70.23% 978 26.52% 49 1.33% 50 1.36% 9 0.24% 12 0.33% 1,612 43.71% 3,688
Chippewa 2,928 77.77% 665 17.66% 131 3.48% 35 0.93% 5 0.13% 1 0.03% 2,263 60.11% 3,765
Clare 1,463 71.09% 517 25.12% 45 2.19% 27 1.31% 5 0.24% 1 0.05% 946 45.97% 2,058
Clinton 4,113 64.78% 2,060 32.45% 127 2.00% 32 0.50% 12 0.19% 5 0.08% 2,053 32.34% 6,349
Crawford 597 73.89% 190 23.51% 10 1.24% 8 0.99% 3 0.37% 0 0.00% 407 50.37% 808
Delta 3,363 80.09% 657 15.65% 48 1.14% 99 2.36% 10 0.24% 22 0.52% 2,706 64.44% 4,199
Dickinson 2,995 87.80% 286 8.38% 68 1.99% 44 1.29% 9 0.26% 9 0.26% 2,709 79.42% 3,411
Eaton 5,573 69.39% 2,142 26.67% 205 2.55% 63 0.78% 38 0.47% 10 0.12% 3,431 42.72% 8,031
Emmet 2,726 69.21% 944 23.97% 244 6.19% 10 0.25% 13 0.33% 2 0.05% 1,782 45.24% 3,939
Genesee 6,642 68.57% 2,306 23.81% 398 4.11% 303 3.13% 14 0.14% 24 0.25% 4,336 44.76% 9,687
Gladwin 1,101 79.49% 232 16.75% 35 2.53% 14 1.01% 1 0.07% 2 0.14% 869 62.74% 1,385
Gogebic 2,122 78.01% 415 15.26% 115 4.23% 44 1.62% 6 0.22% 18 0.66% 1,707 62.76% 2,720
Grand Traverse 3,407 81.39% 599 14.31% 136 3.25% 16 0.38% 21 0.50% 7 0.17% 2,808 67.08% 4,186
Gratiot 4,553 67.68% 1,863 27.69% 238 3.54% 46 0.68% 24 0.36% 3 0.04% 2,690 39.99% 6,727
Hillsdale 4,993 70.47% 1,670 23.57% 332 4.69% 49 0.69% 35 0.49% 6 0.08% 3,323 46.90% 7,085
Houghton 8,876 78.41% 1,475 13.03% 384 3.39% 529 4.67% 14 0.12% 42 0.37% 7,401 65.38% 11,320
Huron 4,209 71.17% 1,487 25.14% 170 2.87% 38 0.64% 8 0.14% 2 0.03% 2,722 46.03% 5,914
Ingham 6,846 60.53% 3,881 34.31% 387 3.42% 149 1.32% 29 0.26% 18 0.16% 2,965 26.22% 11,310
Ionia 5,464 63.91% 2,729 31.92% 246 2.88% 87 1.02% 16 0.19% 7 0.08% 2,735 31.99% 8,549
Iosco 1,492 75.35% 427 21.57% 35 1.77% 25 1.26% 1 0.05% 0 0.00% 1,065 53.79% 1,980
Iron 1,624 90.47% 140 7.80% 20 1.11% 3 0.17% 6 0.33% 2 0.11% 1,484 82.67% 1,795
Isabella 3,578 71.16% 1,320 26.25% 93 1.85% 18 0.36% 18 0.36% 1 0.02% 2,258 44.91% 5,028
Jackson 7,798 62.93% 4,131 33.34% 254 2.05% 111 0.90% 25 0.20% 72 0.58% 3,667 29.59% 12,391
Kalamazoo 7,226 62.31% 3,289 28.36% 498 4.29% 491 4.23% 27 0.23% 65 0.56% 3,937 33.95% 11,596
Kalkaska 1,362 84.07% 181 11.17% 70 4.32% 3 0.19% 4 0.25% 0 0.00% 1,181 72.90% 1,620
Kent 20,313 71.47% 6,504 22.88% 674 2.37% 833 2.93% 52 0.18% 45 0.16% 13,809 48.59% 28,421
Keweenaw 659 94.55% 29 4.16% 4 0.57% 2 0.29% 0 0.00% 3 0.43% 630 90.39% 697
Lake 908 79.09% 215 18.73% 10 0.87% 13 1.13% 2 0.17% 0 0.00% 693 60.37% 1,148
Lapeer 3,950 68.98% 1,529 26.70% 175 3.06% 57 1.00% 13 0.23% 2 0.03% 2,421 42.28% 5,726
Leelanau 1,479 75.42% 416 21.21% 59 3.01% 3 0.15% 2 0.10% 2 0.10% 1,063 54.21% 1,961
Lenawee 7,891 67.40% 3,334 28.48% 379 3.24% 44 0.38% 48 0.41% 11 0.09% 4,557 38.93% 11,707
Livingston 3,291 60.31% 1,991 36.49% 154 2.82% 9 0.16% 9 0.16% 3 0.05% 1,300 23.82% 5,457
Luce 371 80.83% 64 13.94% 16 3.49% 3 0.65% 1 0.22% 4 0.87% 307 66.88% 459
Mackinac 1,206 69.27% 506 29.06% 20 1.15% 5 0.29% 3 0.17% 1 0.06% 700 40.21% 1,741
Macomb 4,849 60.30% 2,992 37.20% 152 1.89% 30 0.37% 14 0.17% 5 0.06% 1,857 23.09% 8,042
Manistee 3,162 67.56% 1,226 26.20% 109 2.33% 157 3.35% 6 0.13% 20 0.43% 1,936 41.37% 4,680
Marquette 5,668 82.94% 785 11.49% 219 3.20% 121 1.77% 21 0.31% 20 0.29% 4,883 71.45% 6,834
Mason 2,422 72.23% 767 22.88% 124 3.70% 33 0.98% 5 0.15% 2 0.06% 1,655 49.36% 3,353
Mecosta 3,333 75.97% 900 20.52% 125 2.85% 26 0.59% 2 0.05% 1 0.02% 2,433 55.46% 4,387
Menominee 3,270 72.99% 994 22.19% 94 2.10% 103 2.30% 8 0.18% 11 0.25% 2,276 50.80% 4,480
Midland 2,121 70.68% 769 25.62% 74 2.47% 30 1.00% 6 0.20% 1 0.03% 1,352 45.05% 3,001
Missaukee 1,792 80.94% 341 15.40% 51 2.30% 20 0.90% 10 0.45% 0 0.00% 1,451 65.54% 2,214
Monroe 4,419 56.95% 3,136 40.42% 170 2.19% 16 0.21% 14 0.18% 4 0.05% 1,283 16.54% 7,759
Montcalm 5,342 76.75% 1,375 19.76% 166 2.39% 57 0.82% 8 0.11% 12 0.17% 3,967 57.00% 6,960
Montmorency 657 80.02% 152 18.51% 10 1.22% 0 0.00% 1 0.12% 1 0.12% 505 61.51% 821
Muskegon 5,490 76.48% 1,184 16.49% 104 1.45% 380 5.29% 5 0.07% 15 0.21% 4,306 59.99% 7,178
Newaygo 2,981 75.79% 794 20.19% 135 3.43% 16 0.41% 4 0.10% 3 0.08% 2,187 55.61% 3,933
Oakland 7,020 61.90% 3,971 35.02% 263 2.32% 61 0.54% 19 0.17% 6 0.05% 3,049 26.89% 11,340
Oceana 2,664 75.66% 594 16.87% 203 5.77% 46 1.31% 12 0.34% 2 0.06% 2,070 58.79% 3,521
Ogemaw 1,325 75.50% 328 18.69% 84 4.79% 9 0.51% 8 0.46% 1 0.06% 997 56.81% 1,755
Ontonagon 1,352 77.08% 356 20.30% 17 0.97% 22 1.25% 3 0.17% 4 0.23% 996 56.78% 1,754
Osceola 2,955 80.21% 565 15.34% 138 3.75% 14 0.38% 7 0.19% 5 0.14% 2,390 64.88% 3,684
Oscoda 326 86.24% 44 11.64% 7 1.85% 1 0.26% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 282 74.60% 378
Otsego 1,244 78.83% 267 16.92% 45 2.85% 14 0.89% 4 0.25% 4 0.25% 977 61.91% 1,578
Ottawa 5,928 75.35% 1,553 19.74% 178 2.26% 169 2.15% 19 0.24% 20 0.25% 4,375 55.61% 7,867
Presque Isle 1,861 82.86% 365 16.25% 13 0.58% 5 0.22% 1 0.04% 1 0.04% 1,496 66.61% 2,246
Roscommon 375 71.43% 116 22.10% 13 2.48% 20 3.81% 0 0.00% 1 0.19% 259 49.33% 525
Saginaw 10,164 60.65% 5,336 31.84% 205 1.22% 961 5.73% 22 0.13% 71 0.42% 4,828 28.81% 16,759
Sanilac 4,688 74.37% 1,221 19.37% 341 5.41% 24 0.38% 25 0.40% 5 0.08% 3,467 55.00% 6,304
Schoolcraft 1,481 83.48% 226 12.74% 42 2.37% 20 1.13% 3 0.17% 2 0.11% 1,255 70.74% 1,774
Shiawassee 5,576 66.18% 2,250 26.71% 465 5.52% 102 1.21% 16 0.19% 16 0.19% 3,326 39.48% 8,425
St. Clair 8,323 69.00% 3,252 26.96% 243 2.01% 212 1.76% 14 0.12% 18 0.15% 5,071 42.04% 12,062
St. Joseph 3,659 59.89% 2,174 35.58% 122 2.00% 109 1.78% 37 0.61% 9 0.15% 1,485 24.30% 6,110
Tuscola 5,016 72.21% 1,520 21.88% 351 5.05% 41 0.59% 14 0.20% 4 0.06% 3,496 50.33% 6,946
Van Buren 5,297 72.77% 1,637 22.49% 217 2.98% 73 1.00% 46 0.63% 9 0.12% 3,660 50.28% 7,279
Washtenaw 6,586 62.11% 3,780 35.65% 173 1.63% 35 0.33% 11 0.10% 19 0.18% 2,806 26.46% 10,604
Wayne 50,047 69.14% 20,471 28.28% 450 0.62% 1,214 1.68% 59 0.08% 148 0.20% 29,576 40.86% 72,389
Wexford 3,010 76.38% 691 17.53% 221 5.61% 12 0.30% 5 0.13% 2 0.05% 2,319 58.84% 3,941
Totals364,95769.51%135,39225.79%13,4412.56%9,0421.72%1,1590.22%1,0360.20%229,56543.72%525,027

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Based on highest elector on each ticket

References

  1. ↑ "1904 Election for the Thirtieth Term (1905-1909)". Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  2. ↑ Burnham, Walter Dean (December 23, 1981). "The System of 1896: An Analysis". The Evolution of American Electoral Systems. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 178–179. ISBN 0313213798.
  3. ↑ English, Gustavus P.; Proceedings of the Ninth Republican National Convention (1888), p. 234
  4. ↑ Sundquist, James (December 2010). Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years. Brookings Institution Press. p. 526. ISBN 978-0815719090.
  5. ↑ Rogowski, Ronald (2020). Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691219431.
  6. ↑ "Swamped! The Democrats Drowned Out by a Tremendous Republican Tidal Wave". The L'Anse Sentinel. L'Anse. November 10, 1894. p. 1.
  7. ↑ Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo, Hirano; Snyder Jr, James M. (February 27, 2017). "Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980". In Gerber, Alan S.; Schickler, Eric (eds.). Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–168. ISBN 978-1-107-09509-0.
  8. ↑ "Parker Deserted". Los Angeles Daily Times. October 10, 1904. p. 5.
  9. ↑ "Ferris Elected on a Straw Vote". Detroit Free Press. October 2, 1904. p. 4.
  10. 1 2 Michigan State Archives, Canvass of the votes given at the General Election, held in the State of Michigan on Tuesday the Eighth day of November A.D. 1904
  11. ↑ Prescott, George A. (1905). Michigan Official Directory and Legislative Manual for the Years 1905-1906. Lansing: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., State Printers. pp. 436–437. Retrieved May 23, 2026.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan