The 1650s was a decade that began on 1 January 1650 and ended on 31 December 1659. It is distinct from the decade known as the 166th decade which began on January 1, 1651 and ended on December 31, 1660.
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| 2nd millennium |
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World leaders
- King Frederick III of Denmark (1648–1670).
- Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1658).
- Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658–1659).
- King Louis XIV of France (1643–1715).
- Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657).
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705).
- King John II of Poland (1649–1668).
- King John IV of Portugal (1640–1656).
- King Afonso VI of Portugal (1656–1667).
- Tsar Aleksey I of Russia (1645–1676).
- King Philip IV of Spain (1621–1665).
- Queen Christina of Sweden (1632–1654).
- King Charles X of Sweden (1654–1660).