Network Working Group M. Blanchet
Internet-Draft G. Leclanche
Intended status: Standards Track Viagenie
Expires: March 8, 2015 September 4, 2014
Finding the Authoritative Registration Data (RDAP) Service
draft-ietf-weirds-bootstrap-06.txt
Abstract
This document specifies a method to find which Registration Data
Access Protocol (RDAP) server is authoritative to answer queries for
a requested scope, such as domain names, IP addresses or Autonomous
System numbers.
Status of This Memo
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Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Structure of RDAP Bootstrap Registries . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Domain Name RDAP Bootstrap Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Internet Numbers RDAP Bootstrap Registries . . . . . . . . . 6 5.1. IPv4 Address Space RDAP Bootstrap Registry . . . . . . . 6 5.2. IPv6 Address Space RDAP Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.3. Autonomous Systems RDAP Bootstrap Registry . . . . . . . 8 6. Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7. Non-existent Entries or RDAP URL Values . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8. Deployment and Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . 10 9. Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13.2. Non-Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1. Introduction Querying and retrieving registration data from registries are defined in the Registration Data Access Protocol(RDAP) [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap- query][I-D.ietf-weirds-using-http][I-D.ietf-weirds-json-response]. These documents do not specify where to send the queries. This document specifies a method to find which server is authoritative to answer queries for the requested scope. The proposed mechanism is based on the fact that allocation data for domain names and IP addresses are maintained by IANA, are publicly available and are in a structured format. The mechanism assumes some data structure within these registries and request IANA to create these registries for the specific purpose of RDAP use, herein named RDAP Bootstrap registries. An RDAP client fetches the RDAP Bootstrap registries, extract the data and then do a match with the query data to find the authoritative registration data server and appropriate query base URL. 2. Conventions Used In This Document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 3. Structure of RDAP Bootstrap Registries The RDAP Bootstrap Registries are made available as JSON [RFC7159] objects. The JSON registry output starts with metadata such as a version id identified as a timestamp of the publication date of the registry and some defaults values. Then the "services" element is an array of arrays. Each second level array contains two elements, each of them being an array (third-level arrays). The first third-level array contains all entries that have the same set of base RDAP URLs, as strings, arrays, or integers. The second third-level array contains the list of base RDAP URLs usable for the entries found in the first third-level array. There is no assumption of sorting at the first-level arrays. The two arrays found in each second-level array MUST appear in the correct order: array of entries first, then array of base RDAP URLs. An example structure of the JSON output of a RDAP Bootstrap Registry is illustrated: { "rdap_bootstrap": { "version": "1.0", "publication": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ", "description": "RDAP Bootstrap file for example registries.", "services": [ [ ["entry1", "entry2", "entry3"], [ "https://registry.example.com/myrdap/", "http://registry.example.com/myrdap/" ] ], [ ["entry4"], [ "http://example.org/" ] ] ] } } The "version" corresponds to the format version of the registry. This specification defines "1.0". The syntax of "publication" value conforms to the Internet date/time format [RFC3339]. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 The optional "description" string can contain a comment regarding the content of the bootstrap object. Per [RFC7258], in each array of base RDAP URLs, the secure version of the transport protocol SHOULD be first. Base RDAP URLs MUST have a trailing "/" character because they are concatenated to the various segments defined in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query]. JSON names MUST follow format recommendations of [I-D.ietf-weirds-using-http]. Any unknown or unspecified JSON object properties or values should be ignored by implementers. Internationalized Domain Names labels used as keys or base RDAP URLs in the registries defined in this document MUST be only represented using their A-Label form as defined in [RFC5890]. All Domain Names labels used as keys or base RDAP URLs in the registries defined in this document MUST be only represented in lowercase. 4. Domain Name RDAP Bootstrap Registry The JSON output of this registry contains domain labels entries attached to the root, grouped by base RDAP URLs, as shown in this example. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 { "rdap_bootstrap": { "version": "1.0", "publication": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ", "services": [ [ ["net", "com"], [ "https://registry.example.com/myrdap/" ] ], [ ["org", "mytld"], [ "http://example.org/" ] ], [ ["xn--zckzah"], [ "https://example.net/rdapxn--zckzah/", "http://example.net/rdapxn--zckzah/" ] ] ] } } The domain names authoritative registration data service is found by doing the longest match of the target domain name with the domain values in the arrays in the IANA Domain Name RDAP Bootstrap Registry. This is a string search of the longest match starting from the end of the target name and the end of each value in the arrays. The values contained in the second element of the array are the valid base RDAP URLs as described in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query]. For example, a domain RDAP query for a.b.example.com matches the com entry in one of the arrays of the registry. The base RDAP URL for this query is then taken from the second element of the array, which is an array of base RDAP URLs valid for this entry. The client chooses one of the base URLs from this array; in this example it chooses the only one available, "https://registry.example.com/ myrdap/". The segment specified in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query] is then appended to the base URL to complete the query. The complete query is then "https://registry.example.com/myrdap/domain/ a.b.example.com". This example is not normative. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 5. Internet Numbers RDAP Bootstrap Registries This section discusses IPv4 and IPv6 address space and autonomous system numbers. For IP address space, the authoritative registration data service is found by doing a longest match of the target address with the values of the arrays in the corresponding Address Space RDAP Bootstrap registry. The longest match is done the same way as for routing: the addresses are converted in binary form and then the binary strings are compared to find the longest match. The values contained in the second element of the array are the base RDAP URLs as described in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query]. The longest match method enables covering prefixes of a larger address space pointing to one base RDAP URL while more specific prefixes within the covering prefix being served by another base RDAP URL. 5.1. IPv4 Address Space RDAP Bootstrap Registry The JSON output of this registry contains IPv4 prefix entries, specified in CIDR format and grouped by RDAP URLs, as shown in this example. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 { "rdap_bootstrap": { "version": "1.0", "publication": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ", "services": [ [ ["1.0.0.0/8", "192.0.0.0/8"], [ "https://rir1.example.com/myrdap/" ] ], [ ["28.2.0.0/16", "192.0.2.0/24"], [ "http://example.org/" ] ], [ ["28.3.0.0/16"], [ "https://example.net/rdaprir2/", "http://example.net/rdaprir2/" ] ] ] } } For example, a query for "192.0.2.0/24" matches the "192.0.0.0/8" entry and the "192.0.2.0/24" entry in the example registry above. The latter is chosen by the client given the longest match. The base RDAP URL for this query is then taken from the second element of the array, which is an array of base RDAP URLs valid for this entry. The client chooses one of the base URLs from this array; in this example it chooses the only one available, "http://example.org/". The {resource} specified in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query] is then appended to the base URL to complete the query. The complete query is then "https://example.org/ip/192.0.2.0/24". This example is not normative. 5.2. IPv6 Address Space RDAP Registry The JSON output of this registry contains IPv6 prefix entries, using [RFC4291] text representation of address prefixes format, grouped by base RDAP URLs, as shown in this example. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 { "rdap_bootstrap": { "version": "1.0", "publication": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ", "services": [ [ ["2001:0200::/23", "2001:db8::/32"], [ "https://rir2.example.com/myrdap/" ] ], [ ["2600::/16", "2100:ffff::/32"], [ "http://example.org/" ] ], [ ["2001:0200:1000::/28"], [ "https://example.net/rdaprir2/", "http://example.net/rdaprir2/" ] ] ] } } For example, a query for "2001:0200:1000::/48" matches the "2001:0200::/23" entry and the "2001:0200:1000::/28" entry in the example registry above. The latter is chosen by the client given the longest match. The base RDAP URL for this query is then taken from the second element of the array, which is an array of base RDAP URLs valid for this entry. The client chooses one of the base URLs from this array; in this example it chooses "https://example.net/ rdaprir2/" because it's the secure version of the protocol. The segment specified in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query] is then appended to the base URL to complete the query. The complete query is therefore "https://example.net/rdaprir2/ip/2001:0200:1000::/48". If the server does not answer, the client can then use another URL prefix from the array. This example is not normative. 5.3. Autonomous Systems RDAP Bootstrap Registry The JSON output of this contains Autonomous Systems Number Ranges entries, grouped by base RDAP URLs, as shown in this example. The first element of each second-level array is an array containing the Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 list of AS numbers served by the base RDAP URLs found in the second element. When an element of the AS Numbers array is an array with two AS numbers, then it represents the range of AS Numbers between the two elements of this array. { "rdap_bootstrap": { "version": "1.0", "publication": "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ", "services": [ [ [2045], [ "https://rir3.example.com/myrdap/" ] ], [ [[10000, 12000], [300000, 400000]], [ "http://example.org/" ] ], [ [[64512, 65534]], [ "http://example.net/rdaprir2/", "https://example.net/rdaprir2/" ] ] ] } } For example, a query for AS 65411 matches the [64512, 65534] entry in the example registry above. The base RDAP URL for this query is then taken from the second element of the array, which is an array of base RDAP URLs valid for this entry. The client chooses one of the base URLs from this array; in this example it chooses "https://example.net/rdaprir2/". The segment specified in [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query] is then appended to the base URL to complete the query. The complete query is therefore "https://example.net/rdaprir2/autnum/65411". If the server does not answer, the client can then use another URL prefix from the array. This example is not normative. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 6. Entity Since there is no global namespace for entities, this document does not describe how to find the authoritative RDAP server for entities. It is possible however that, if the entity identifier was received from a previous query, the same RDAP server could be queried for that entity or the entity identifier itself is a fully referenced URL that can be queried. 7. Non-existent Entries or RDAP URL Values The registries may not contain the requested value or the base RDAP URL value may be empty. In these cases, there is no known RDAP server for that requested value and the client SHOULD provide an appropriate error message to the user. 8. Deployment and Implementation Considerations This method relies on the fact that RDAP clients are fetching the IANA registries to then find the servers locally. Clients SHOULD NOT fetch the registry every time. Clients SHOULD cache the registry, but use underlying protocol signalling, such as HTTP Expires header field [RFC7234], to identify when it is time to refresh the cached registry. If the query data does not match any entry in the client cached registry, then the client may implement various methods, such as the following: o In the case of a domain object to be RDAP queried, the client may first query the DNS to see if the respective entry has been delegated or if it is a mistyped information by the user. The DNS query could be to fetch the NS records for the TLD domain. If the DNS answer is negative, then there is no need to fetch the new version of the registry. However, if the DNS answer is positive, this may mean that the currently cached registry is no more current. The client could then fetch the registry, parse and then do the normal matching as specified above. This method may not work for all types of RDAP objects. o If the client knows the existence of a RDAP aggregator or redirector and trusts that service, then it could send the query to the redirector, which would redirect the client if it knows the authoritative server that client has not found. This specification does not assume while not prohibiting how some authorities of registration data may work together on sharing their Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 information for a common service, including mutual redirection [I-D.ietf-weirds-redirects]. When a new object is allocated, such as a new AS range, a new TLD or a new IP address range, there is no garantee that this new object will have an entry in the corresponding bootstrap rdap registry, since the setup of the RDAP server for this new entry may become live and registered later. Therefore, the clients should expect that even if an object, such as TLD, IP address range or AS range is allocated, the existence of the entry in the corresponding bootstrap registry is not garanteed. 9. Limitations This method does not provide a direct way to find authoritative RDAP servers for any other objects than the ones described in this document. In particular, the following objects are not bootstrapped with the method described in this document: o for entities o for queries using search patterns that do not contain a terminating string that matches some entries in the registries o for nameservers o for help 10. Security Considerations By providing a bootstrap method to find RDAP servers, this document helps making sure that the end-users will get the RDAP data from authoritative source, instead of from rogue sources. The method itself has the same security properties as the RDAP protocols themselves. The transport used to access the registries could be more secure by using TLS [RFC5246] if IANA supports it. 11. IANA Considerations IANA is requested to do the following: o Create a new registry "IPv4 Address Space RDAP Bootstrap Service" and make it available in the JSON format, as shown above. o Create a new registry "IPv6 Address Space RDAP Bootstrap Service" and make it available in the JSON format, as shown above. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 o Create a new registry "Autonomous System Number Space RDAP Bootstrap Service" and make it available in the JSON format, as shown above. o Create a new registry "Domain Name Space RDAP Bootstrap Service" and make it available in the JSON format, as shown above. It is envisioned that these new registries will have similar entries than the corresponding IANA allocation registries, such as [ipv4reg], [ipv6reg], [asreg], [domainreg], and possibly similar registration policies. Given that the data required by RDAP clients is limited compared to the content of the existing corresponding registries, and given that this data has to be made available in a JSON format using a specific key/value structure, this document is not defining an extension of the existing IANA allocation registries. The registration policies for the new registries of this document are left to IANA. The registries may be maintained in IANA own format, such as XML. However, each registry MUST be available in the JSON format defined in this document, and optionally in other formats such as XML. IANA should make sure that the service of those registries is able to cope with a larger demand and should take appropriate measures such as caching, load balancing and redundancy. The base URL of these registries is not defined in this document and is left to IANA. The HTTP Content-Type returned to clients accessing the JSON output of the registries MUST be "application/json" as defined in [RFC7159]. 12. Acknowledgements The weirds working group had multiple discussions on this topic, including a session during IETF 84, where various methods such as in- DNS and others were debated. The idea of using IANA registries was discovered by the editor during discussions with his colleagues as well as by a comment from Andy Newton. All the people involved in these discussions are herein acknowledged. Linlin Zhou, Jean- Philippe Dionne, John Levine, Kim Davies, Ernie Dainow, Scott Hollenbeck, Arturo Servin, Andy Newton, Murray Kucherawy, Tom Harrison, Naoki Kambe have provided input and suggestions to this document. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 13. References 13.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3339] Klyne, G., Ed. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps", RFC 3339, July 2002. [RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006. [RFC5890] Klensin, J., "Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA): Definitions and Document Framework", RFC 5890, August 2010. [RFC7159] Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014. 13.2. Non-Normative References [I-D.ietf-weirds-json-response] Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "JSON Responses for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", draft-ietf- weirds-json-response-08 (work in progress), August 2014. [I-D.ietf-weirds-rdap-query] Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "Registration Data Access Protocol Query Format", draft-ietf-weirds-rdap-query-13 (work in progress), August 2014. [I-D.ietf-weirds-redirects] Martinez, C., Zhou, L., and G. Rada, "Redirection Service for Registration Data Access Protocol", draft-ietf-weirds- redirects-04 (work in progress), July 2014. [I-D.ietf-weirds-using-http] Newton, A., Ellacott, B., and N. Kong, "HTTP usage in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", draft-ietf- weirds-using-http-10 (work in progress), August 2014. [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008. [RFC7234] Fielding, R., Nottingham, M., and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching", RFC 7234, June 2014. Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft Finding Authoritative RDAP service September 2014 [RFC7258] Farrell, S. and H. Tschofenig, "Pervasive Monitoring Is an Attack", BCP 188, RFC 7258, May 2014. [asreg] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), , "Autonomous System (AS) Numbers", <http://www.iana.org/assignments/as- numbers/as-numbers.xml>. [domainreg] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), , "Root Zone Database", <http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db>. [ipv4reg] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), , "IPv4 Address Space", <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address- space/ipv4-address-space.xml>. [ipv6reg] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA), , "IPv6 Global Unicast Address Assignments", <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-unicast-address- assignments/ipv6-unicast-address-assignments.xml>. Authors' Addresses Marc Blanchet Viagenie 246 Aberdeen Quebec, QC G1R 2E1 Canada Email: Marc.Blanchet@viagenie.ca URI: http://viagenie.ca Guillaume Leclanche Viagenie 246 Aberdeen Quebec, QC G1R 2E1 Canada Email: Guillaume.Leclanche@viagenie.ca URI: http://viagenie.ca Blanchet & Leclanche Expires March 8, 2015 [Page 14]
Datatracker
draft-ietf-weirds-bootstrap-06
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7484.
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