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CDDL models for some existing RFCs
CDDL models for some existing RFCs
draft-bormann-cbor-rfc-cddl-models-07
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| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Carsten Bormann | ||
| Last updated | 2026-02-22 | ||
| RFC stream | (None) | ||
| Intended RFC status | (None) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Stream | Stream state | (No stream defined) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| RFC Editor Note | (None) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
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| Send notices to | (None) |
draft-bormann-cbor-rfc-cddl-models-07
Network Working Group C. Bormann
Internet-Draft Universität Bremen TZI
Intended status: Informational 22 February 2026
Expires: 26 August 2026
CDDL models for some existing RFCs
draft-bormann-cbor-rfc-cddl-models-07
Abstract
A number of CBOR- and JSON-based protocols have been defined before
CDDL was standardized or widely used.
This short draft records some CDDL definitions for such protocols,
which could become part of a library of CDDL definitions available
for use in CDDL2 processors. It focuses on CDDL in (almost)
published IETF RFCs.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Status information for this document may be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-bormann-cbor-rfc-cddl-models/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the core Working Group
mailing list (mailto:core@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/core/. Subscribe at
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/core/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/cabo/common-cddl.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 August 2026.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. CDDL definitions for (almost) published RFCs . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. RFC 7071 (Reputation Interchange) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. RFC 8366 (Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping
Protocols) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3. RFC 9457 (Problem Details for HTTP APIs) . . . . . . . . 4
2.4. RFC 9595 (YANG-SID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.5. Your favorite RFC here... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. CDDL definitions derived from IANA registries . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. COSE Algorithms Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2. DNS Record Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A. Example CDDL generated from registries . . . . . . . 11
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Introduction
(Please see abstract.) Add in [STD94] [STD90] [RFC8610] [RFC9682]
[RFC9165] [RFC9741]
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2. CDDL definitions for (almost) published RFCs
This section is intended to have one subsection for each CDDL data
model presented for an existing RFC. As a start, it is fleshed out
with three such data models.
2.1. RFC 7071 (Reputation Interchange)
Appendix H of [RFC8610] contains two CDDL definitions for [RFC7071],
which are not copied here. Typically, the compact form would be used
in applications using the RFC 7071 format; while the extended form
might be useful to cherry-pick features of RFC 7071 into another
protocol.
2.2. RFC 8366 (Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping Protocols)
[RFC8366] defines a data model for a "Voucher Artifact", which can be
represented in CDDL as:
voucher-artifact = {
"ietf-voucher:voucher": {
created-on: yang$date-and-time
? (
expires-on: yang$date-and-time
? last-renewal-date: yang$date-and-time
//
nonce: json-binary<bytes .size (8..32)>
)
assertion: assertion
serial-number: text
? idevid-issuer: json-binary<bytes>
pinned-domain-cert: json-binary<bytes>
? domain-cert-revocation-checks: bool
}
}
assertion = "verified" / "logged" / "proximity"
yang$date-and-time = text .regexp cat3<"[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}T",
"[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}([.][0-9]+)?",
"(Z|[+-][0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2})">
cat3<A,B,C> = (A .cat B) .cat C
json-binary<T> = text .b64c T
Figure 1: CDDL for RFC 8366
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The two examples in the RFC can be validated with this little patchup
script:
sed -e s/ue=/uQ=/ -e s/'"true"'/true/ | cddl rfc8366.cddl vp -
2.3. RFC 9457 (Problem Details for HTTP APIs)
[RFC9457] defines a simple data model that is reproduced in CDDL
here:
problem-object = {
? type: preferably-absolute-uri
? title: text
? status: 100..599
? detail: text
? instance: preferably-absolute-uri
* text .feature "problem-object-extension" => any
}
; RECOMMENDED: absolute URI or at least absolute path:
preferably-absolute-uri = ~uri
Figure 2: CDDL for RFC 9457
Note that Appendix B of [RFC9290] defines a related CBOR-specific
data model that may be useful for tunneling [RFC7807] or [RFC9457]
problem details in [RFC9290] Concise Problem Details.
2.4. RFC 9595 (YANG-SID)
[RFC9595] defines a data model for a "SID file" in YANG, to be
transported as a YANG-JSON instance.
An equivalent CDDL data model is given here:
sid-file = {
"ietf-sid-file:sid-file": {
module-name: yang$yang-identifier
? module-revision: revision-identifier
? sid-file-version: sid-file-version-identifier
? sid-file-status: "unpublished" / "published"
? description: text
? dependency-revision: [* dependency-revision]
? assignment-range: [* assignment-range]
? item: [*item]
}
}
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rep<RE>=cat3<"(", RE, ")*">
opt<RE>=cat3<"(", RE, ")?">
cat3<A,B,C> = (A .cat B) .cat C
id-re = "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9\\-_.]*"
yang$yang-identifier = text .regexp id-re
revision-identifier = text .regexp "[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}"
sid-file-version-identifier = uint .size 4
sid = text .decimal (0..0x7fffffffffffffff); uint63 as text string
plus-id<Prefix> = Prefix .cat id-re
schema-node-re = cat3<plus-id<"/">, plus-id<":">, ; qualified
rep<plus-id<"/"> .cat ; optionally
opt<plus-id<":">> > > ; qualified
schema-node-path = text .regexp schema-node-re
dependency-revision = {
module-name: yang$yang-identifier
module-revision: revision-identifier
}
assignment-range = {
entry-point: sid
size: sid
}
item = {
? status: "stable" / "unstable" / "obsolete"
(
namespace: "module" / "identity" / "feature"
identifier: yang$yang-identifier
//
namespace: "data"
identifier: schema-node-path
)
sid: sid
}
Figure 3: CDDL for RFC 9595
2.5. Your favorite RFC here...
3. CDDL definitions derived from IANA registries
Often, CDDL models need to use numbers that have been registered as
values in IANA registries.
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This section is intended to have one subsection for each CDDL data
model presented that is derived from an existing IANA registry. As a
start, it is fleshed out with two such data models.
The intention is that these reference modules are updated
automatically (after each change of the registry or periodically,
frequent enough.) Hence, this document can only present a snapshot
for IANA-derived data models.
The model(s) presented here clearly are in proof-of-concept stage;
suggestions for improvement are very welcome.
3.1. COSE Algorithms Registry
The IANA registry for COSE Algorithms is part of the IANA CBOR Object
Signing and Encryption (COSE) registry group [IANA.cose].
The following automatically derived model defines some 80 CDDL rules
that have the name for a COSE algorithm as its rule name and the
actual algorithm number as its right hand side. The additional first
rule is a type choice between all these constants; this could be used
in places that just have to validate the presence of a COSE algorithm
number that was registered at the time the model was derived.
This section does not explore potential filtering of the registry
entries, e.g., by recommended status (such as leaving out deprecated
entries) or by capabilities.
The names given in the COSE algorithms registry are somewhat
irregular and do not consider their potential use in modeling or
programming languages; the automatic derivation used here turns
sequences of one or more spaces and other characters that cannot be
in CDDL names ([/+] here) into underscores.
============= NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ==============
algorithms = RS1 / A128CTR / A192CTR / A256CTR / A128CBC / \
A192CBC / A256CBC / ESB512 / ESB384 / ESB320 / ESB256 / KT256 \
/ KT128 / TurboSHAKE256 / TurboSHAKE128 / WalnutDSA / RS512 / \
RS384 / RS256 / Ed448 / ESP512 / ESP384 / ML-DSA-87 / ML-DSA-\
65 / ML-DSA-44 / ES256K / HSS-LMS / SHAKE256 / SHA-512 / SHA-\
384 / RSAES-OAEP_w_SHA-512 / RSAES-OAEP_w_SHA-256 / RSAES-\
OAEP_w_RFC_8017_default_parameters / PS512 / PS384 / PS256 / \
ES512 / ES384 / ECDH-SS_A256KW / ECDH-SS_A192KW / ECDH-\
SS_A128KW / ECDH-ES_A256KW / ECDH-ES_A192KW / ECDH-ES_A128KW \
/ ECDH-SS_HKDF-512 / ECDH-SS_HKDF-256 / ECDH-ES_HKDF-512 / \
ECDH-ES_HKDF-256 / Ed25519 / SHAKE128 / SHA-512_256 / SHA-256 \
/ SHA-256_64 / SHA-1 / direct_HKDF-AES-256 / direct_HKDF-AES-\
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128 / direct_HKDF-SHA-512 / direct_HKDF-SHA-256 / ESP256 / \
EdDSA / ES256 / direct / A256KW / A192KW / A128KW / A128GCM / \
A192GCM / A256GCM / HMAC_256_64 / HMAC_256_256 / HMAC_384_384 \
/ HMAC_512_512 / AES-CCM-16-64-128 / AES-CCM-16-64-256 / AES-\
CCM-64-64-128 / AES-CCM-64-64-256 / AES-MAC_128_64 / AES-\
MAC_256_64 / ChaCha20_Poly1305 / AES-MAC_128_128 / AES-\
MAC_256_128 / AES-CCM-16-128-128 / AES-CCM-16-128-256 / AES-\
CCM-64-128-128 / AES-CCM-64-128-256 / IV-GENERATION
RS1 = -65535
A128CTR = -65534
A192CTR = -65533
A256CTR = -65532
A128CBC = -65531
A192CBC = -65530
A256CBC = -65529
ESB512 = -268
ESB384 = -267
ESB320 = -266
ESB256 = -265
KT256 = -264
KT128 = -263
TurboSHAKE256 = -262
TurboSHAKE128 = -261
WalnutDSA = -260
RS512 = -259
RS384 = -258
RS256 = -257
Ed448 = -53
ESP512 = -52
ESP384 = -51
ML-DSA-87 = -50
ML-DSA-65 = -49
ML-DSA-44 = -48
ES256K = -47
HSS-LMS = -46
SHAKE256 = -45
SHA-512 = -44
SHA-384 = -43
RSAES-OAEP_w_SHA-512 = -42
RSAES-OAEP_w_SHA-256 = -41
RSAES-OAEP_w_RFC_8017_default_parameters = -40
PS512 = -39
PS384 = -38
PS256 = -37
ES512 = -36
ES384 = -35
ECDH-SS_A256KW = -34
ECDH-SS_A192KW = -33
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ECDH-SS_A128KW = -32
ECDH-ES_A256KW = -31
ECDH-ES_A192KW = -30
ECDH-ES_A128KW = -29
ECDH-SS_HKDF-512 = -28
ECDH-SS_HKDF-256 = -27
ECDH-ES_HKDF-512 = -26
ECDH-ES_HKDF-256 = -25
Ed25519 = -19
SHAKE128 = -18
SHA-512_256 = -17
SHA-256 = -16
SHA-256_64 = -15
SHA-1 = -14
direct_HKDF-AES-256 = -13
direct_HKDF-AES-128 = -12
direct_HKDF-SHA-512 = -11
direct_HKDF-SHA-256 = -10
ESP256 = -9
EdDSA = -8
ES256 = -7
direct = -6
A256KW = -5
A192KW = -4
A128KW = -3
A128GCM = 1
A192GCM = 2
A256GCM = 3
HMAC_256_64 = 4
HMAC_256_256 = 5
HMAC_384_384 = 6
HMAC_512_512 = 7
AES-CCM-16-64-128 = 10
AES-CCM-16-64-256 = 11
AES-CCM-64-64-128 = 12
AES-CCM-64-64-256 = 13
AES-MAC_128_64 = 14
AES-MAC_256_64 = 15
ChaCha20_Poly1305 = 24
AES-MAC_128_128 = 25
AES-MAC_256_128 = 26
AES-CCM-16-128-128 = 30
AES-CCM-16-128-256 = 31
AES-CCM-64-128-128 = 32
AES-CCM-64-128-256 = 33
IV-GENERATION = 34
Figure 4: Derived CDDL for COSE Algorithms Registry
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3.2. DNS Record Types
The IANA registry for DNS Record Types is part of the IANA Domain
Name System (DNS) Parameters registry group [IANA.dns-parameters].
Using the library [IANA-REGISTRY] and a short script (Figure 5), a
CDDL file for the Resource Record (RR) TYPEs registered in that
registry group can be generated (Figure 6 in Appendix A):
require 'iana-registry'
DNS_RR = {}
REXML::XPath.each(IANA::Registry.load("dns-parameters").root,
"//xmlns:registry[@id='dns-parameters-4']/xmlns:record",
IANA::Registry::NS) do |x|
typ = x.elements['type'].text
value = x.elements['value'].text.to_i
semantics = x.elements['description'].text
if semantics && typ =~ /\A[-_A-Z0-9]+\z/
DNS_RR[typ.gsub("-", "_")] = value
end
end
puts DNS_RR.map { |t, v| "RR_#{t} = #{v}\n" }
Figure 5: Script for deriving CDDL for the Resource Record (RR)
TYPEs Registry in DNS Parameters
4. IANA Considerations
This document makes no requests of IANA.
However, the use of IANA registries for deriving CDDL (e.g., as in
Section 3) is an active subject of discussion.
5. Security considerations
The security considerations of [RFC8610], [RFC9682], [RFC9165],
[RFC9741], [STD94] and [STD90] apply. This collection of CDDL models
is not believed to create new security considerations. Errors in the
models could -- if we knew of them, we'd fix those errors instead of
explaining their security consequences in this section.
6. References
6.1. Normative References
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[RFC8610] Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data
Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to
Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and
JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610,
June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8610>.
[RFC9165] Bormann, C., "Additional Control Operators for the Concise
Data Definition Language (CDDL)", RFC 9165,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9165, December 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9165>.
[RFC9682] Bormann, C., "Updates to the Concise Data Definition
Language (CDDL) Grammar", RFC 9682, DOI 10.17487/RFC9682,
November 2024, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9682>.
[RFC9741] Bormann, C., "Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL):
Additional Control Operators for the Conversion and
Processing of Text", RFC 9741, DOI 10.17487/RFC9741, March
2025, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9741>.
[STD90] Internet Standard 90,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/std90>.
At the time of writing, this STD comprises the following:
Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.
[STD94] Internet Standard 94,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/std94>.
At the time of writing, this STD comprises the following:
Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8949>.
6.2. Informative References
[IANA-REGISTRY]
"iana-registry | Rubygems.org",
<https://rubygems.org/gems/iana-registry>.
[IANA.cose]
IANA, "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)",
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose>.
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[IANA.dns-parameters]
IANA, "Domain Name System (DNS) Parameters",
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters>.
[RFC7071] Borenstein, N. and M. Kucherawy, "A Media Type for
Reputation Interchange", RFC 7071, DOI 10.17487/RFC7071,
November 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7071>.
[RFC7807] Nottingham, M. and E. Wilde, "Problem Details for HTTP
APIs", RFC 7807, DOI 10.17487/RFC7807, March 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7807>.
[RFC8366] Watsen, K., Richardson, M., Pritikin, M., and T. Eckert,
"A Voucher Artifact for Bootstrapping Protocols",
RFC 8366, DOI 10.17487/RFC8366, May 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8366>.
[RFC9290] Fossati, T. and C. Bormann, "Concise Problem Details for
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) APIs", RFC 9290,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9290, October 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9290>.
[RFC9457] Nottingham, M., Wilde, E., and S. Dalal, "Problem Details
for HTTP APIs", RFC 9457, DOI 10.17487/RFC9457, July 2023,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9457>.
[RFC9595] Veillette, M., Ed., Pelov, A., Ed., Petrov, I., Ed.,
Bormann, C., and M. Richardson, "YANG Schema Item
iDentifier (YANG SID)", RFC 9595, DOI 10.17487/RFC9595,
July 2024, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9595>.
Appendix A. Example CDDL generated from registries
This appendix collects examples that are too long for the main body
of the text.
RR_A = 1
RR_NS = 2
RR_MD = 3
RR_MF = 4
RR_CNAME = 5
RR_SOA = 6
RR_MB = 7
RR_MG = 8
RR_MR = 9
RR_NULL = 10
RR_WKS = 11
RR_PTR = 12
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RR_HINFO = 13
RR_MINFO = 14
RR_MX = 15
RR_TXT = 16
RR_RP = 17
RR_AFSDB = 18
RR_X25 = 19
RR_ISDN = 20
RR_RT = 21
RR_NSAP = 22
RR_NSAP_PTR = 23
RR_SIG = 24
RR_KEY = 25
RR_PX = 26
RR_GPOS = 27
RR_AAAA = 28
RR_LOC = 29
RR_NXT = 30
RR_EID = 31
RR_NIMLOC = 32
RR_SRV = 33
RR_ATMA = 34
RR_NAPTR = 35
RR_KX = 36
RR_CERT = 37
RR_A6 = 38
RR_DNAME = 39
RR_SINK = 40
RR_OPT = 41
RR_APL = 42
RR_DS = 43
RR_SSHFP = 44
RR_IPSECKEY = 45
RR_RRSIG = 46
RR_NSEC = 47
RR_DNSKEY = 48
RR_DHCID = 49
RR_NSEC3 = 50
RR_NSEC3PARAM = 51
RR_TLSA = 52
RR_SMIMEA = 53
RR_HIP = 55
RR_NINFO = 56
RR_RKEY = 57
RR_TALINK = 58
RR_CDS = 59
RR_CDNSKEY = 60
RR_OPENPGPKEY = 61
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RR_CSYNC = 62
RR_ZONEMD = 63
RR_SVCB = 64
RR_HTTPS = 65
RR_DSYNC = 66
RR_HHIT = 67
RR_BRID = 68
RR_EUI48 = 108
RR_EUI64 = 109
RR_NXNAME = 128
RR_TKEY = 249
RR_TSIG = 250
RR_IXFR = 251
RR_AXFR = 252
RR_MAILB = 253
RR_MAILA = 254
RR_URI = 256
RR_CAA = 257
RR_AVC = 258
RR_DOA = 259
RR_AMTRELAY = 260
RR_RESINFO = 261
RR_WALLET = 262
RR_CLA = 263
RR_IPN = 264
RR_TA = 32768
RR_DLV = 32769
Figure 6: Derived CDDL for the Resource Record (RR) TYPEs
Registry in DNS Parameters
List of Figures
Figure 1: CDDL for RFC 8366
Figure 2: CDDL for RFC 9457
Figure 3: CDDL for RFC 9595
Figure 4: Derived CDDL for COSE Algorithms Registry
Figure 5: Script for deriving CDDL for the Resource Record (RR)
TYPEs Registry in DNS Parameters
Figure 6: Derived CDDL for the Resource Record (RR) TYPEs Registry
in DNS Parameters
Acknowledgements
TBD
Author's Address
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Carsten Bormann
Universität Bremen TZI
Postfach 330440
D-28359 Bremen
Germany
Phone: +49-421-218-63921
Email: cabo@tzi.org
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